如何从 json 对象初始化结构 [英] How to initialize a struct from a json object
问题描述
我是 swift 任何想法的新手.如何从 json 对象初始化结构体.我不知道我该怎么做.
HI i am new to swift any idea . How to initialize a struct from a json object . i could not figure out how can i do it .
{用户":{"name": "cruskuaka","email": "cristlika@gmail.com",电话号码":018833455"},地址": {"房子": "100","街道": "B",镇":{"town_id": "1","town_name": "戈尔韦市中心"},城市":{"city_id": "10","city_name": "戈尔韦"},"address_id":"200","full_address":"100, B, Galway city center,Galway"},"delivery_instruction": "没有电话","delivery_method": "1"}
{ "user": { "name": "cruskuaka", "email": "cristlika@gmail.com", "phoneNo":"018833455" }, "address": { "house": "100", "street": "B", "town": { "town_id": "1", "town_name": "Galway city center" }, "city": { "city_id": "10", "city_name": "Galway" }, "address_id":"200", "full_address":"100, B, Galway city center,Galway" }, "delivery_instruction": "no call", "delivery_method": "1" }
这里是所有结构:
struct Contact {
let user : User
let address : Address
let deliveryInstruction : String
let deliveryMethod : String
init(dictionary: [String: Any]) {
self.deliveryInstruction = dictionary["delivery_instruction"] as? String ?? ""
self.deliveryMethod = dictionary["delivery_method"] as? String ?? ""
self.address = Address(dictionary: dictionary["address"] as? [String:Any] ?? [:])
self.user = User(dictionary: dictionary["address"] as? [String:Any] ?? [:])
}
}
<小时>
struct User {
let name : String
let email : String
let phoneNo : String
init(dictionary : [String:Any] ) {
self.name = dictionary["name"] as? String ?? ""
self.email = dictionary["email"] as? String ?? ""
self.phoneNo = dictionary["phoneNo"] as? String ?? ""
}
}
<小时>
struct Address {
let city : City
let town : Town
let addressId : String
let fullAddress : String
let house : String
let street: String
init(dictionary : [String:Any] ) {
self.addressId = dictionary["address_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.fullAddress = dictionary["full_address"] as? String ?? ""
self.house = dictionary["house"] as? String ?? ""
self.street = dictionary["street"] as? String ?? ""
self.city = City(dictionary: dictionary["address"] as? [String:Any] ?? [:])
self.town = Town(dictionary: dictionary["address"] as? [String:Any] ?? [:])
}
}
<小时>
struct City {
let cityId : String
let cityName : String
init(dictionary : [String:Any] ) {
self.cityId = dictionary["city_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.cityName = dictionary["city_name"] as? String ?? ""
}
}
<小时>
struct Town {
let townId : String
let townName : String
init(dictionary : [String:Any]) {
self.townId = dictionary["town_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.townName = dictionary["town_name"] as? String ?? ""
}
}
推荐答案
编辑/更新:Swift 4 或更高版本您可以使用 Codable 协议:
edit/update: Swift 4 or later you can use Codable Protocol:
struct Root: Codable {
let user: User
let address: Address
let deliveryInstruction, deliveryMethod: String
}
struct Address: Codable {
let house, street, addressId, fullAddress: String
let town: Town
let city: City
}
struct City: Codable {
let cityId, cityName: String
}
struct Town: Codable {
let townId, townName: String
}
struct User: Codable {
let name, email, phoneNo: String
}
extension Decodable {
init(data: Data, using decoder: JSONDecoder = .init()) throws {
self = try decoder.decode(Self.self, from: data)
}
init(json: String, using decoder: JSONDecoder = .init()) throws {
try self.init(data: Data(json.utf8), using: decoder)
}
}
不要忘记将 JSONDecoder 属性 keyDecodingStrategy 设置为 .convertFromSnakeCase:
Just don't forget to set the JSONDecoder property keyDecodingStrategy to .convertFromSnakeCase:
let json = """
{"user": {"name": "crst","email": "crat@gmail.com","phoneNo":"018833455"},"address": {"house": "100","street": "B","town":{"town_id": "1","town_name": "Galway city center"},"city":{"city_id": "10","city_name": "Galway"},"address_id":"200", "full_address":"100, B, Galway city center,Galway" },"delivery_instruction": "no call","delivery_method": "1" }
"""
do {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
let root = try decoder.decode(Root.self, from: Data(json.utf8))
print(root)
} catch {
print(error)
}
或者简单地说:
do {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
let root = try Root(json: json, using: decoder) // or Root(data: data, using: decoder)
print(root)
} catch {
print(error)
}
这将打印
Root(user: __lldb_expr_112.User(name: "cruskuaka", email:cristlika@gmail.com"，电话号码:018833455")，地址:__lldb_expr_112.Address(house: "100", street: "B", addressId: "200", fullAddress: "100, B, Galway city center,Galway", town:__lldb_expr_112.Town(townId: "1", townName: "Galway city center"), city: __lldb_expr_112.City(cityId: "10", cityName: "Galway")),DeliveryInstruction: "no call", deliveryMethod: "1")
Root(user: __lldb_expr_112.User(name: "cruskuaka", email: "cristlika@gmail.com", phoneNo: "018833455"), address: __lldb_expr_112.Address(house: "100", street: "B", addressId: "200", fullAddress: "100, B, Galway city center,Galway", town: __lldb_expr_112.Town(townId: "1", townName: "Galway city center"), city: __lldb_expr_112.City(cityId: "10", cityName: "Galway")), deliveryInstruction: "no call", deliveryMethod: "1")
原始答案(在 Codable 协议之前)
Original Answer (before Codable protocol)
斯威夫特 3
您的代码中存在多个错误，但您走在正确的道路上.您在初始化用户、城市和城镇结构时使用了错误的密钥.我还创建了另外两个初始值设定项，因此您可以使用字典、json 字符串或其数据来初始化您的结构:
You have more than one error in your code, but you are in the right path. You are using the wrong key when initializing your user, city and town structs. I have also created two more initializers so you can initialize your struct with a dictionary, the json string or just its data:
struct Contact: CustomStringConvertible {
let user: User
let address: Address
let deliveryInstruction: String
let deliveryMethod: String
// customize the description to your needs
var description: String { return "(user.name) (deliveryInstruction) (deliveryMethod)" }
init(dictionary: [String: Any]) {
self.deliveryInstruction = dictionary["delivery_instruction"] as? String ?? ""
self.deliveryMethod = dictionary["delivery_method"] as? String ?? ""
self.address = Address(dictionary: dictionary["address"] as? [String: Any] ?? [:])
self.user = User(dictionary: dictionary["user"] as? [String: Any] ?? [:])
}
init?(data: Data) {
guard let json = (try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data)) as? [String: Any] else { return nil }
self.init(dictionary: json)
}
init?(json: String) {
self.init(data: Data(json.utf8))
}
}
struct User: CustomStringConvertible {
let name: String
let email: String
let phone: String
let description: String
init(dictionary: [String: Any]) {
self.name = dictionary["name"] as? String ?? ""
self.email = dictionary["email"] as? String ?? ""
self.phone = dictionary["phoneNo"] as? String ?? ""
self.description = "name: (name) - email: (email) - phone: (phone)"
}
}
struct Address: CustomStringConvertible {
let id: String
let street: String
let house: String
let city: City
let town: Town
let description: String
init(dictionary: [String: Any] ) {
self.id = dictionary["address_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.description = dictionary["full_address"] as? String ?? ""
self.house = dictionary["house"] as? String ?? ""
self.street = dictionary["street"] as? String ?? ""
self.city = City(dictionary: dictionary["city"] as? [String: Any] ?? [:])
self.town = Town(dictionary: dictionary["town"] as? [String: Any] ?? [:])
}
}
struct City: CustomStringConvertible {
let id: String
let name: String
// customize the description to your needs
var description: String { return name }
init(dictionary: [String: Any] ) {
self.id = dictionary["city_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.name = dictionary["city_name"] as? String ?? ""
}
}
struct Town: CustomStringConvertible {
let id: String
let name: String
// customize the description to your needs
var description: String { return name }
init(dictionary: [String: Any]) {
self.id = dictionary["town_id"] as? String ?? ""
self.name = dictionary["town_name"] as? String ?? ""
}
}
从 JSON 测试初始化:
Testing the initialization from JSON:
let contact = Contact(json: json) // crst no call 1
contact // crst no call 1
contact?.user // name: crst - email: crat@gmail.com - phone: 018833455
contact?.user.name // "crst"
contact?.user.email // "crat@gmail.com"
contact?.user.phone // "018833455"
contact?.address // 100, B, Galway city center,Galway
contact?.address.id // 200
contact?.address.street // B
contact?.address.town // Galway city center
contact?.address.city // Galway
contact?.deliveryInstruction // "no call"
contact?.deliveryMethod // 1
这篇关于如何从 json 对象初始化结构的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
