从 OS X 命令行编译和链接 Swift 和 Objective C 代码 [英] Compiling and linking Swift plus Objective C code from the OS X command-line

问题描述

从 OS X 命令行编译 Swift:

Compiling Swift from an OS X command-line:

swift -sdk $(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx) test.swift

从命令行编译 Objective C:

Compiling Objective C from the command-line:

clang -lobjc -framework Foundation -c testObject.m

我可以将 -c 选项添加到任一编译器以生成 .o 文件.

I can add the -c option to either compiler to produce .o files.

如何将这两个源文件链接到一个应用程序中?

How can I link these two source files into one app?

还是需要更多的构建?

推荐答案

TL;DR:最好使用 Xcode 工具，因为有很多事情要做.但也可以只使用命令行工具.

TL;DR: It's preferable to use the Xcode tooling, since there's a lot of stuff going on. But it's possible to only use command line tools.

我会警告你，这是一个快速而肮脏的例子，说明如何编译和运行一个 .m 和一个 .swift 文件，链接到 Cocoa 和斯威夫特运行时.我什至没有尝试遵循任何一方的最佳做法.

I'll warn you that this is a quick and dirty example of how to compile and run a .m and a .swift file, linked against Cocoa and the Swift runtime. I'm not even trying to follow the best practices on either side.

假设你有一个 Objective-C 类:

Let's assume you have an Objective-C class:

$ cat C.h
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
@interface C : NSObject
@property (retain) NSString *c;
@end

$ cat C.m
#import "C.h"

@implementation C

- (id)init {
  self = [super init];
  self.c = @"Hello world!";
  return self;
}

@end

你有一个使用该类的 Swift 文件:

And you have a Swift file that uses that class:

$ cat S.swift
let c = C()

println(c.c)

您只需要将 Objective-C 和 Swift 文件分别编译为 .o 文件:

You just need to compile the Objective-C and Swift files to .o files, separately:

xcrun clang C.m -o C.o -c
# Be sure to import the bridge header (our only header in this example)
xcrun swiftc -c S.swift -import-objc-header C.h -F /System/Library/Frameworks -I/usr/include

如您所见，我们必须手动包含框架和头文件路径，以让 Swift 编译器找到正确的文件(最好让它在 SDK 中查找它们，而不是在当前安装的文件中，顺便说一句(使用 xcrun --show-sdk-path)).

As you can see, we had to manually include the framework and header paths, to have the Swift compiler locate the proper files (it might be best to have it look for them in the SDK, not in the currently installed files, btw (with xcrun --show-sdk-path)).

然后我们只需要链接它们，拉取所有 Swift 和 Objective-C 运行时库.由于 swift 默认拉取 Objective-C 库，我们甚至不需要指定太多:

Then we simply need to link them, pulling all the Swift and Objective-C runtime libs. Since swift by default pulls the Objective-C libraries, we don't even need to specify much:

xcrun swiftc -o app C.o S.o

看，我们的可执行文件已链接，我们可以运行它了！

Behold, our executable is linked and we can run it!

$ ./app
Hello world!

这一切都非常有趣，但我建议不要直接使用这些工具，除非您实际上正在为您的项目创建一个以它们为目标的构建系统并且有充分的理由不使用 Xcode/xcodebuild.

This is all very interesting, but I would advise against using these tools directly unless you're actually making a build system for your project that targets them and have a good reason not to use Xcode/xcodebuild.

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