是否返回语句复制值 [英] Does return statement copy values

问题描述

由于范围问题，我对此感到疑惑.例如，考虑代码

I am wondering about this because of scope issues. For example, consider the code

typedef struct {
    int x1;/*top*/
    int x2;/*bottom*/
    int id;
} subline_t;



subline_t subline(int x1, int x2, int id) {
    subline_t t = { x1, x2, id };
    return t;
}

int main(){
    subline_t line = subline(0,0,0); //is line garbage or isn't it? the reference
    //to subline_t t goes out of scope, so the only way this wouldn't be garbage
    //is if return copies
}

所以我的问题是，return 语句会一直复制吗?在这种情况下，它似乎有效，所以我被引导相信 return 确实复制了.如果它确实复制，它会在每种情况下都复制吗?

So my question is, will the return statement always copy? In this case it seems to work, so I am led to believe that return does copy. If it does copy, will it copy in every case?

推荐答案

是的，在这种情况下会有一个副本.如果您像这样更改函数声明:

Yes, in that case there will be a copy made. If you change the function declaration like this:

subline_t &subline(int x1, int x2, int id) {

那么不会复制.但是，在您的特定情况下，返回对堆栈上分配的对象的引用是无效的.问题是对象在调用者有机会使用它之前就被破坏并失效.

then no copy will be made. However, in your specific case it would not be valid to return a reference to an object allocated on the stack. The problem is that the object would be destructed and invalidated before the caller had a chance to use it.

这与 C++ 的常见 返回值优化 有关，可以避免进行实际复制在您描述的情况下进行操作.最终结果(或应该)与完成复制一样，但您应该注意优化.在某些情况下，这种优化的存在可以改变程序的可观察行为.

This is related to the common Return Value Optimization for C++ that can avoid doing an actual copy operation in the case you have described. The end result is (or should be) the same as if a copy were done, but you should be aware of the optimization. The presence of this optimization can, in some cases, change the observable behaviour of the program.

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