如何使用 expect 通过 ssh 连接到系统并更改主机系统的密码? [英] How do I use expect to connect via ssh to a system and change the password of the host system?

问题描述

我正在自动化以下过程:
使用用户名alpha"的密码alpha"通过 ssh 连接到名为alpha"的系统.连接后，我想设置 root 密码(设置为kickass").我连接的系统默认没有root密码.我编写了这个期望脚本来完成这项工作，但它不能始终如一地工作.它工作一次，然后如果我更改密码以再次测试，它会在发出sudo passwd root"后等待输入新的 UNIX 密码:"提示.有什么想法吗?

I am automating the process of:
Connect to a system named "alpha" via ssh with password "alpha" for username "alpha". Once connected I would like to set the root password (to "kickass"). The system I am connecting to doesn't have a root password by default. I wrote this expect script to do the job but it doesn't work consistently. It works once and then if I change the password to test again, it waits at the "Enter new UNIX password:" prompt after issuing "sudo passwd root". Any ideas?

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set arg1 [lindex $argv 0]
set force_conservative 1  ;# set to 1 to force conservative mode even if
              ;# script wasn't run conservatively originally
if {$force_conservative} {
    set send_slow {1 .1}
    proc send {ignore arg} {
        sleep .1
        exp_send -s -- $arg
    }
}

set timeout -1
spawn ssh alpha@$arg1
match_max 100000
expect -exact "password: "
send -- "alpha
"
expect -exact "alpha@alpha:~$ "
send -- "sudo passwd root
"
expect -exact "password for alpha: "
send -- "alpha
"
expect -exact "new UNIX password: "
send -- "kickass
"
expect -exact "Retype new UNIX password: "
send -- "kickass
"
expect -exact "alpha@alpha:~$ "
send -- "exit
"
expect eof

谢谢.

推荐答案

扩展 Andrei Sfrent 的评论:

Expanding on Andrei Sfrent's comment:

Sudo 通常具有某种超时值，因此如果您在超时期限内发出第二个 sudo 命令，将不会再次要求您输入密码.您可以将代码修改为以下内容:

Sudo normally has some kind of time-out value, so that if you issue a second sudo command within the time-out period you will not be asked for your password again. You could modify the code to something like this:

send -- "sudo passwd root
"
expect {
        -exact "password for alpha: "
            {
                send -- "alpha
"
                exp_continue
            }

        -exact "new UNIX password: "
            {
                send -- "kickass
"
            }
        }

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