C++ 线程，共享数据 [英] C++ Thread, shared data

问题描述

I have an application where 2 threads are running... Is there any certanty that when I change a global variable from one thread, the other will notice this change? I don't have any syncronization or Mutual exclusion system in place... but should this code work all the time (imagine a global bool named dataUpdated):

Thread 1:

while(1) {
    if (dataUpdated)
        updateScreen();
    doSomethingElse();
}

Thread 2:

while(1) {
    if (doSomething())
        dataUpdated = TRUE;
}

Does a compiler like gcc optimize this code in a way that it doesn't check for the global value, only considering it value at compile time (because it nevers get changed at the same thred)?

PS: Being this for a game-like application, it really doen't matter if there will be a read while the value is being written... all that matters is that the change gets noticed by the other thread.

解决方案

Yes. No. Maybe.

First, as others have mentioned you need to make dataUpdated volatile; otherwise the compiler may be free to lift reading it out of the loop (depending on whether or not it can see that doSomethingElse doesn't touch it).

Secondly, depending on your processor and ordering needs, you may need memory barriers. volatile is enough to guarentee that the other processor will see the change eventually, but not enough to guarentee that the changes will be seen in the order they were performed. Your example only has one flag, so it doesn't really show this phenomena. If you need and use memory barriers, you should no longer need volatile

Volatile considered harmful and Linux Kernel Memory Barriers are good background on the underlying issues; I don't really know of anything similar written specifically for threading. Thankfully threads don't raise these concerns nearly as often as hardware peripherals do, though the sort of case you describe (a flag indicating completion, with other data presumed to be valid if the flag is set) is exactly the sort of thing where ordering matterns...

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