std::set，lower_bound 和 upper_bound 是如何工作的? [英] std::set, how do lower_bound and upper_bound work?

问题描述

我有这段简单的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using std::set;

int main(int argc, char argv) {
   set<int> myset;
   set<int>::iterator it_l, it_u;
   myset.insert(10);
   it_l = myset.lower_bound(11);
   it_u = myset.upper_bound(9);

   std::cout << *it_l << " " << *it_u << std::endl;
}

这将打印 1 作为 11 的下限，并将 10 作为 9 的上限.

This prints 1 as lower bound for 11, and 10 as upper bound for 9.

我不明白为什么要打印 1.我希望使用这两种方法来获取给定上限/下限的一系列值.

I don't understand why 1 is printed. I was hoping to use these two methods to get a range of values for given upper bound / lower bound.

推荐答案

来自 <std::set::lower_bound:

返回值

迭代器指向第一个不小于键的元素.如果没有找到这样的元素，一个过去的迭代器(见 end()) 被返回.

Iterator pointing to the first element that is not less than key. If no such element is found, a past-the-end iterator (see end()) is returned.

在您的情况下，由于您的集合中没有不小于(即大于或等于)11 的元素，因此将返回一个过去的迭代器并将其分配给 it_l.然后在你的行中:

In your case, since you have no elements in your set which is not less (i.e. greater or equal) than 11, a past-the-end iterator is returned and assigned to it_l. Then in your line:

std::cout << *it_l << " " << *it_u << std::endl;

您正在推迟这个过去的迭代器 it_l:这是未定义的行为，并且可能导致任何结果(测试中的 1、0 或其他编译器的任何其他值，或者程序甚至可能崩溃).

You're deferencing this past-the-end iterator it_l: that's undefined behavior, and can result in anything (1 in your test, 0 or any other value with an other compiler, or the program may even crash).

您的下限应该小于或等于上限，并且您不应该在循环或任何其他测试环境之外取消引用迭代器:

Your lower bound should be less than, or equal to to the upper bound, and you should not dereference the iterators outside a loop or any other tested environment:

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using std::set;

int main(int argc, char argv) {
   set<int> myset;
   set<int>::iterator it_l, it_u;
   myset.insert(9);
   myset.insert(10);
   myset.insert(11);
   it_l = myset.lower_bound(10);
   it_u = myset.upper_bound(10);

    while(it_l != it_u)
    {
        std::cout << *it_l << std::endl; // will only print 10
        it_l++;
    }
}

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