Debian sid下RStudio安装失败:libgstreamer依赖问题 [英] RStudio installation failure under Debian sid: libgstreamer dependency problems

问题描述

我使用 Debian sid (amd64)，每周滚动更新一次.我最近从他们的官方网站下载了 RStudio 的桌面版本 0.99.902 并发布(当然是以 root 身份):

I use Debian sid (amd64), rolling updates as often as weekly. I downloaded recently the desktop version 0.99.902 of RStudio from their offical site and issued (as root, of course):

dpkg -i rstudio-0.99.902-amd64.deb

dpkg -i rstudio-0.99.902-amd64.deb

无济于事:

dpkg:依赖问题阻止了 rstudio 的配置:rstudio 依赖于 libgstreamer0.10-0；然而:未安装软件包 libgstreamer0.10-0.rstudio 依赖于 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0；然而:未安装软件包 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0.

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of rstudio: rstudio depends on libgstreamer0.10-0; however: Package libgstreamer0.10-0 is not installed. rstudio depends on libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0; however: Package libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 is not installed.

这两个软件包的较新版本 (1.0-0) 已安装在系统上，但那些较旧的版本 (0.10-0) 在官方 Debian 存储库中不再可用.

Newer versions (1.0-0) of these 2 packages are installed on the system, but those older ones (0.10-0) are not available anymore on the official Debian repos.

应该做些什么来安装 RStudio 并在Debian 席位?当然，我已经从官方 Debian 安装了 R debs存储库，没有任何问题...

What should be done to have RStudio installed and fully operational under Debian sid? I have, of course, installed R debs, from official Debian repositories, without any issues...

感谢您的帮助！

推荐答案

2017 年 7 月 20 日发布的 RStudio 1.0.153 依赖于 GStreamer 1.0 而不是 GStreamer 0.10.它可以安装在现代 Debian/Ubuntu 上，无需任何额外设置，从而使这个问题和我的答案过时.

RStudio 1.0.153, released on July 20th 2017, depends on GStreamer 1.0 instead of GStreamer 0.10. It can be installed on modern Debian/Ubuntu without any additional setup, rendering this question and my answer obsolete.

更具体地说，有两个不同的 DEB 包.一个针对 Ubuntu 16.04(或更高版本)和 Debian 9(或更高版本)，仅提供 64 位版本，并且依赖于较新的 GStreamer 1.0.另一个软件包支持从 12.04 到 15.10 的 Ubuntu 和 Debian 8，它有 32 位和 64 位两种版本.这个仍然依赖于旧的 GStreamer 0.10.

To be more specific, there are two different DEB packages. One is aimed at Ubuntu 16.04 (or later) and Debian 9 (or later), comes only in 64-bit flavor and depends on newer GStreamer 1.0. Another package supports Ubuntu from 12.04 up to 15.10 and Debian 8 and it comes in both 32-bit and 64-bit flavors. This one still depends on older GStreamer 0.10.

原始答案仍在下方.

截至 2016 年年中，RStudio 严重依赖 GStreamer 0.10，并且无法绕过它.您必须安装 libgstreamer0.10-0 和 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 才能使用 RStudio.

As of mid-2016, RStudio has hard dependency on GStreamer 0.10 and there is no way around it. You have to install libgstreamer0.10-0 and libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 to use RStudio.

这些软件包可以很容易地从 Debian Jessie (stable) 中获取.只需将 Jessie 存储库添加到您的 sources.list 并使用 apt-pinning 降低优先级:

These packages can be easily pulled in from Debian Jessie (stable). Just add Jessie repository to your sources.list and use apt-pinning to give it lower priority:

# /etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main

# /etc/apt/preferences.d/01_release:
Package: *
Pin: release o=Debian,a=unstable
Pin-Priority: 600

Package: *
Pin: release o=Debian,n=jessie
Pin-Priority: 10

然后发出 apt-get update 并跟进 apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0.

Then issue apt-get update and follow up with apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0.

如果您碰巧将 RStudio .deb 文件放入本地存储库，则使用 apt-get install rstudio 并且 GStreamer0.10 将被依赖解析器拉入.这具有将这些库标记为自动安装的额外优势 - 一旦 RStudio 将它们作为依赖项删除，它们将被自动删除.

If you have happened to put RStudio .deb file into local repository, then use apt-get install rstudio and GStreamer0.10 will be pulled in by dependency resolver. This has additional advantage of marking these libraries as automatically installed - they will be subject to automatic removal once RStudio drop them as dependency.

没有.

上游开发者将 GStreamer0.10 和 GStreamer1.0 设计为可共同安装并且能够同时运行 (来源).事实上，自从 2012 年 9 月 直到 2016 年 4 月.

Upstream developers designed GStreamer0.10 and GStreamer1.0 as co-installable and able to run at the same time (source). In fact, both were available in Debian repository since September 2012 up to April 2016.

在此固定设置中，仅当 Jessie 是所请求包的唯一提供者时，才会从 Jessie 存储库中提取包.不存在用来自 stable 的旧版本覆盖任何来自不稳定的包的风险.

In this pinning setup, packages from Jessie repository will be pulled in only when Jessie is the only provider of requested package. There is no risk of overwriting any package from unstable with older version from stable.

因为 GStreamer0.10 是 Debian Jessie 和 Ubuntu 12.04 中可用的最新版本，他们希望支持这两个发行版.

Because GStreamer0.10 is the newest version available in both Debian Jessie and Ubuntu 12.04, two distributions they want to support.

RStudio 最终将不得不将其依赖升级到 GStreamer1.0，因为它将逐渐成为唯一可用的版本.我猜这个变化可能会在 2017 年春季推出.首先，对 Ubuntu 12.04 的支持将在 4 月结束.Rstudio 可能会将基本系统要求提高到 14.04 - 同时具有 GStreamer0.10 和 1.0 的系统要求.其次，Debian Stretch - 只有 GStreamer1.0 可用 - 预计将在那个时候发布.

RStudio will eventually have to upgrade their dependency to GStreamer1.0, as it will gradually become the only version available. I guess this change may be introduced in spring 2017. First, support for Ubuntu 12.04 will end in April. Rstudio is likely to bump base system requirement to 14.04 - one that has both GStreamer0.10 and 1.0. Second, Debian Stretch - that will have only GStreamer1.0 available - is expected to be released around that time.

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