BASH中的错误处理 [英] Error handling in BASH

问题描述

什么是你最喜欢的方法BASH来处理错误？
我已经在网络上发现了BASH处理错误的最好的例子是在 http://www.linuxcommand.org 。

What is your favorite method to handle errors in BASH? The best example of handling errors in BASH I have found on the web was written by William Shotts, Jr at http://www.linuxcommand.org.

威廉Shotts，JR建议使用下面的函数用于错误处理BASH：

William Shotts, Jr suggests using the following function for error handling in BASH:

#!/bin/bash

# A slicker error handling routine

# I put a variable in my scripts named PROGNAME which
# holds the name of the program being run.  You can get this
# value from the first item on the command line ($0).

# Reference: This was copied from <http://www.linuxcommand.org/wss0150.php>

PROGNAME=$(basename $0)

function error_exit
{

#   ----------------------------------------------------------------
#   Function for exit due to fatal program error
#   	Accepts 1 argument:
#   		string containing descriptive error message
#   ----------------------------------------------------------------


    echo "${PROGNAME}: ${1:-"Unknown Error"}" 1>&2
    exit 1
}

# Example call of the error_exit function.  Note the inclusion
# of the LINENO environment variable.  It contains the current
# line number.

echo "Example of error with line number and message"
error_exit "$LINENO: An error has occurred."

你有一个更好的错误处理程序，你在bash脚本中使用？

Do you have a better error handling routine that you use in BASH scripts?

推荐答案

使用一个陷阱！

tempfiles=( )
cleanup() {
  rm -f "${tempfiles[@]}"
}
trap cleanup 0

error() {
  local parent_lineno="$1"
  local message="$2"
  local code="${3:-1}"
  if [[ -n "$message" ]] ; then
    echo "Error on or near line ${parent_lineno}: ${message}; exiting with status ${code}"
  else
    echo "Error on or near line ${parent_lineno}; exiting with status ${code}"
  fi
  exit "${code}"
}
trap 'error ${LINENO}' ERR

......那么，当你创建一个临时文件：

...then, whenever you create a temporary file:

temp_foo="$(mktemp -t foobar.XXXXXX)"
tempfiles+=( "$temp_foo" )

和 $ temp_foo 将在出口删除，当前行号将被打印出来。 （设置-e 将同样让你退出，对错误的行为，虽然它带有一些告诫）。

and $temp_foo will be deleted on exit, and the current line number will be printed. (set -e will likewise give you exit-on-error behavior, though it comes with some caveats).

您可以让中断调用错误你（在这种情况下，它使用默认的1退出code和无消息），或调用它自己，提供明确的价值;例如：

You can either let the trap call error for you (in which case it uses the default exit code of 1 and no message) or call it yourself and provide explicit values; for instance:

error ${LINENO} "the foobar failed" 2

将与状态2退出，并给出一个明确的信息。

will exit with status 2, and give an explicit message.

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