需要了解如何逃避命令行字符的bash提示 [英] bash tips needed for understanding how to escape characters in command-line

问题描述

我的命令行的bash知识缺少对特定区域：我经常忘记如何正确转义字符。今天，我想回应此字符串到一个文件：

My knowledge of commandline bash is missing on a particular area: I constantly forget how to properly escape characters. Today I wanted to echo this string into a file:

#!/bin/env bash
python -m SimpleHTTPServer

回声＃/斌/ bash的ENV \\ npython -m SimpleHTTPServer！＆GT; server.sh＆功放;＆安培;搭配chmod + X server.sh
-bash：/斌/ ENV：找不到事件

echo "#!/bin/env bash\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer" > server.sh && chmod +x server.sh -bash: !/bin/env: event not found

这是正确的！记住逃生 或bash会认为这是一个特殊的庆典活动命令

That's right: Remember to escape ! or bash will think it's a special bash event command.

但我不能得到正确的逃逸！ \\！收益率 \\！在呼应字符串，也是如此 \\\\！。

But I can't get the escaping right! \! yields \! in the echoed string, and so does \\!.

此外， \\ n 不会转换为一个换行符。

Furthermore, \n will not translate to a line break.

你有，它使我更容易理解转义规则的一些提示？

Do you have some general tips that makes it easier for me to understand escaping rules?

要很precise，我会接受一个答案，告诉我，我应该逃脱bash命令行上的字符？包括如何正确输出换行符和感叹号在我的例子。

To be very precise, I'll accept an answer which tells me which characters I should escape on the bash command line? Including how to correctly output newline and exclamation mark in my example.

推荐答案

单引号禁止所有逃避和替代：

Single quotes inhibit all escaping and substitution:

echo '$hello world!'

您可以交替或禁用报价，如果你需要的东西混合起来：

You can alternate or disable quoting if you need to mix things up:

echo '$5.00 on '"$horse"'!'
ls -ld ~/'$$'/*

国米preting逃跑也很容易：

Interpreting escapes is also easy:

echo $'Wake up!\7'
sort -n <<< $'4\n3\n8'

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