在中联code ++的问题，但不是C [英] Unicode problems in C++ but not C
问题描述
我想UNI code字符串写入到C ++ Windows上的屏幕。我改变了我的控制台字体为龙力控制台和我设置的输出 CP_UTF8 又名65001。
I'm trying to write unicode strings to the screen in C++ on Windows. I changed my console font to Lucida Console and I set the output to CP_UTF8 aka 65001.
我运行下面的code：
I run the following code:
#include <stdio.h> //notice this header file..
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
const char text[] = "Россия";
printf("%s\n", text);
}
它打印出来就好了！
It prints out just fine!
不过，如果我做的：
#include <cstdio> //the C++ version of the header..
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
const char text[] = "Россия";
printf("%s\n", text);
}
它打印：
我不知道为什么。
另一件事是，当我做的：
Another thing is when I do:
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::uint32_t oldcodepage = GetConsoleOutputCP();
SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
std::string text = u8"Россия";
std::cout<<text<<"\n";
SetConsoleOutputCP(oldcodepage);
}
我得到相同的输出如上（非工作输出）。
I get the same output as above (non-working output).
使用的printf 在的std ::字符串，它工作正常，但：
Using printf on the std::string, it works fine though:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::uint32_t oldcodepage = GetConsoleOutputCP();
SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
std::string text = u8"Россия";
printf("%s\n", text.c_str());
SetConsoleOutputCP(oldcodepage);
}
但只有当我使用 stdio.h中和NOT cstdio 。
任何想法如何，我可以使用的std :: COUT ？如何使用 cstdio 呢？
为什么会这样？是不是 cstdio 只是一个C ++版本 stdio.h中？
Any ideas how I can use std::cout? How can I use cstdio as well?
Why does this happen? Isn't cstdio just a c++ version of stdio.h?
编辑：我刚刚试过：
#include <iostream>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main()
{
_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_U8TEXT);
std::wcout << L"Россия" << std::endl;
}
和是的，它的作品，但只有当我使用的std :: wcout 和宽字符串。我真的想避免宽弦，我看到迄今唯一的解决办法是在 C-的printf ：L
and yes it works but only if I use std::wcout and wide strings. I would really like to avoid wide-strings and the only solution I see so far is the C-printf :l
所以，问题仍然有效。
推荐答案
虽然你已经设置控制台期望UTF-8输出，我怀疑你的编译器处理字符串文字在一些其它字符集之中。我不知道为什么C编译器的作用是不同的。
Although you've set your console to expect UTF-8 output, I suspect that your compiler is treating string literals as being in some other character set. I don't know why the C compiler acts differently.
好消息是，C ++ 11包含UTF-8的一些支持，而微软已实施标准的相关部分。在code是有点毛茸茸的，但你要考虑的 的std :: wstring_convert （转换和UTF-8）和的 ＆LT; cuchar方式＆gt; 头
The good news is that C++11 includes some support for UTF-8, and that Microsoft has implemented the relevant portions of the Standard. The code is a little hairy, but you'll want to look into std::wstring_convert (converts to and from UTF-8) and the <cuchar> header.
您可以使用这些功能，将其转换为UTF-8，假设您的控制台期待UTF-8，事情应该正常工作。
You can use those functions to convert to UTF-8, and assuming your console is expecting UTF-8, things should work correctly.
就个人而言，当我需要调试这样的事情，我经常直接输出到一个文本文件中。文本编辑器似乎处理的Uni code比Windows控制台更好。就我而言，我常常输出code点正确，但控制台设置错误，使我最终仍打印垃圾。
Personally, when I need to debug something like this, I often direct the output to a text file. Text editors seem to handle Unicode better than the Windows console. In my case, I often output the code points correctly, but have the console set up incorrectly so that I still end up printing garbage.
我可以告诉你，这在Linux（使用锵）和Windows（使用GCC 4.7.3和3.5锵为我工作，你需要添加STD = C ++ 11到命令行编译GCC或锵）：
I can tell you that this worked for me in both Linux (using Clang) and Windows (using GCC 4.7.3 and Clang 3.5; you need to add "std=c++11" to the command line to compile with GCC or Clang):
#include <cstdio>
int main()
{
const char text[] = u8"Россия";
std::printf("%s\n", text);
}
使用Visual C ++（2012年，但我相信它也将与2010年的工作），我只好用：
Using Visual C++ (2012, but I believe it would also work with 2010), I had to use:
#include <codecvt>
#include <cstdio>
#include <locale>
#include <string>
int main()
{
std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> converter;
auto text = converter.to_bytes(L"Россия");
std::printf("%s\n", text.c_str());
}
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