如何打印调用堆栈中的C / C ++更漂亮？ [英] How to print call stack in C/C++ more beautifully?

问题描述

我想打印调用栈与更像gdb的信息。

I would like to print call stack with more information like in gdb.

这是我迄今。

void to_print_callstack()
{
    void *buffer[100];
    int n = backtrace(buffer,10);
    char **str = backtrace_symbols(buffer, n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        printf("%d:  %s\n", i, str[i]);
    }
}

当它运行时，我得到如下的东西。

When it runs, I get something as below.

0:  ./test-prog() [0x4466bf]
1:  ./test-prog() [0x445e1d]
2:  ./test-prog() [0x443fd5]
3:  ./test-prog() [0x439a99]
4:  ./test-prog() [0x43302f]
5:  ./test-prog() [0x4322c9]
6:  ./test-prog() [0x4320cd]
7:  ./test-prog() [0x43e76b]
8:  /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x7fc4de7d8c4d]
9:  ./test-prog() [0x431569]

这是很难看的。有功能名称，它会好得多。
非常感谢您的提示。

It is hard to read. With function names, it would be much better. Thanks a lot for the tip.

推荐答案

免责声明：以下是主要用于使用GCC或锵用的libstdc ++ Linux，你可能需要在其他系统不同的方式

Disclaimer: The following is mostly for Linux using GCC or Clang with libstdc++, you might need different ways on other systems.

最重要的事情是 -rdynamic 连接时添加到命令行。如果这是必需的所有系统上的我不知道，但对我来说，这其实原来所有这些地址到符号。

The most important thing is to add -rdynamic to the command line when linking. I don't know if this is required on all systems, but for me, this actually turned all those addresses into symbols.

现在，你得到一些信息，你可能想还原函数的符号。开始时你有一个独立的功能来还原函数任何符号：

Now that you get some information, you probably want to demangle the symbols. You start with a stand-alone function to demangle any symbol:

// you most likely need these headers (plus stuff for std::cout, ...)
#include <cxxabi.h>
#include <execinfo.h>

std::string demangle( const char* const symbol )
{
    const std::unique_ptr< char, decltype( &std::free ) > demangled(
      abi::__cxa_demangle( symbol, 0, 0, 0 ), &std::free );
    if( demangled ) {
        return demangled.get();
    }
    else {
        return symbol;
    }
}

和现在真实的东西。我不知道，如果指定的输出从格式 backtrace_symbols 终止，但以下工作得很好对我来说：

And now for the real thing. I don't know if the format of the output from backtrace_symbols is specified, but the following works quite well for me:

void backtrace()
{
  // TODO: replace hardcoded limit?                                                      
  void* addresses[ 256 ];
  const int n = ::backtrace( addresses, std::extent< decltype( addresses ) >::value );
  const std::unique_ptr< char*, decltype( &std::free ) > symbols(
    ::backtrace_symbols( addresses, n ), &std::free );
  for( int i = 0; i < n; ++i ) {
    // we parse the symbols retrieved from backtrace_symbols() to                                                                                                                
    // extract the "real" symbols that represent the mangled names.                                                                                                              
    char* const symbol = symbols.get()[ i ];
    char* end = symbol;
    while( *end ) {
      ++end;
    }
    // scanning is done backwards, since the module name
    // might contain both '+' or '(' characters.
    while( end != symbol && *end != '+' ) {
      --end;
    }
    char* begin = end;
    while( begin != symbol && *begin != '(' ) {
      --begin;
    }

    if( begin != symbol ) {
      std::cout << std::string( symbol, ++begin - symbol );
      *end++ = '\0';
      std::cout << demangle( begin ) << '+' << end;
    }
    else {
      std::cout << symbol;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
  }
}

（我不得不稍微ç，因为我没有使用的std :: COUT 来适应我的$ C $，所以可能会有一些小怪癖那里 - 检查code。如果你的作品，如果没有，你需要帮助修复它，让我知道）。

(I had to adapt my code slightly since I'm not using std::cout, so there might be some little quirks there - check the code if it works for you and if not and you need help fixing it, let me know).

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