C ++中结构和类之间有什么区别？ [英] What are the differences between struct and class in C++?

问题描述

这个问题是在C＃/。Net 上下文中提出的问题。

This question was already asked in the context of C#/.Net.

现在我想了解一个结构和C ++中的类之间的区别。请讨论在OO设计中选择一个或另一个的技术差异以及原因。

Now I'd like to learn the differences between a struct and a class in C++. Please discuss the technical differences as well as reasons for choosing one or the other in OO design.

我将从一个明显的区别开始：

I'll start with an obvious difference:

• 如果您未指定 public：或 private：，结构的成员默认是public;

• If you don't specify public: or private:, members of a struct are public by default; members of a class are private by default.

我确定在C ++的模糊处可以找到其他差异

I'm sure there are other differences to be found in the obscure corners of the C++ specification.

推荐答案

您忘记了类和结构之间棘手的第二个区别。

You forget the tricky 2nd difference between classes and structs.

Quoth the standard（§11.2.2in C ++ 98 to C ++ 11）：

Quoth the standard (§11.2.2 in C++98 through C++11):

em> access-specifier
表示基类，public表示为
，当派生类被声明为
struct

为了完整起见，类和struct在（11.2）中定义：

And just for completeness' sake, the more widely known difference between class and struct is defined in (11.2):

用
关键字类定义的类的成员默认情况下，
的默认值为 private 。默认情况下，用关键字 struct 或 union
定义
类的成员是 public 。

Member of a class defined with the keyword class are private by default. Members of a class defined with the keywords struct or union are public by default.

其他区别：关键字 class 可用于声明模板参数，而 struct 关键字不能这样使用。

Additional difference: the keyword class can be used to declare template parameters, while the struct keyword cannot be so used.

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