将循环中的动态类型(a.k.a.做Java的C ++方式) [英] Hoisting the dynamic type out of a loop (a.k.a. doing Java the C++ way)

查看:281
本文介绍了将循环中的动态类型(a.k.a.做Java的C ++方式)的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述



我正在讨论现代语言的优点,与C ++最近的一些朋友,当下面出现任何C ++编译器优化动态调度出循环?如果没有,是否有任何种类的结构,将允许作者强制(或强烈鼓励)这样的优化?



这里的例子。假设我有一个多态层次结构:

  struct A {virtual int f(){return 0; }}; 

struct B:A {virtual int f(){return / * something complicated * /; } /*...*/};

现在我有一个循环累积 f c>:

  int acc(const A * p,unsigned int N)
{
int result = 0;

for(unsigned int i = 0; i!= N; ++ i)
result + = p-> f(); //#1

return result;
}

在此函数中,动态分派 p-> ; f()似乎发生在循环的每一轮。但是,调度的最终目标(?)不能变化。



问题:这个动态调度是否被编译器优化?如果没有,是否有任何方式重写代码来强制这种优化,或至少启用编译器来识别这一点?有没有好的测试代码可以告诉我,这是否已经优化已经?



我对语言和实现的答案感兴趣,如这是不可能的根据标准或是,MSVC使用选项 / xyzzy



一些比较评论:显然,如果适当,Java会优化内联循环中的调用,甚至进行内联调用。 Objective-C ++显然允许你查询动态函数指针并存储它。



澄清:主要用例'm感兴趣的是当基类和具有循环的函数(如累加器)是单独的翻译单元或库的一部分,并且没有对派生类的控制或知识。

解决方案

我编译了上面的代码:



我做的唯一的改变是使方法const作为参数'p'到acc()也是const。

当我编译它(在Macbook上)使用g ++ 4.2.1和-O3我得到以下代码(这看起来像循环acc())。



看起来不像是通过查找表链接。

这是一个简单的获取通过一个寄存器已经vtable设置。

  57 L9:
58 movq(%r12),%rax //获取f()方法地址通过r12寄存器
59 movq%r12,%rdi //将rdi寄存器设置为`this`(用于调用后)
60调用*(%rax)//调用F()方法。地址在内存中指向rax
61 addl%eax,%r14d
62包含%ebx
63 cmpl%r13d,%ebx
64 jne L9

如果我从行中删除虚拟描述符,相同的代码是:

  76 L16:
77 movq%r14,%rdi //将rdi寄存器设置为`this`(用于调用后)
78 call __ZNK1A1fEv //调用F()方法。
79 addl%eax,%r13d
80包含%ebx
81 cmpl%r12d,%ebx
82 jne L16
pre>

所以上面代码的区别是:

  movq(%r12),%rax这是要注册复制的寄存器。 
这个成本几乎没有,你永远不能
检测它。无论你调用函数多少次。

call *(%rax)这里我们必须从内存中获取
来查找要调用的地址。现在这可能是昂贵的。

但实际上不是。第一次这被称为
内存将被放置在芯片内存缓存(如果它是
不在那里你会得到一个处理器停顿,而它从内存加载
(或下一个缓存)),但之后它将
真的很快。

但它不是像调用地址一样快(对于
非虚拟版本)。但是差别是微不足道的
和其他因素的代码将淹没任何收益或
只是在测量的纯噪声。

所以回答问题。否函数的地址不会被缓存以供重复使用。



编译源代码:

  #include< iostream> 

struct A {virtual int f()const {return 0; }};

struct B:A {virtual int f()const {return 1; }};

int acc(const A * p,unsigned int N)
{
int result = 0;

for(unsigned int i = 0; i!= N; ++ i)
result + = p-> f(); //#1

return result;
}

int main()
{
A a;
B b;
std :: cout<< acc(& a,20)< \\\
;
std :: cout<< acc(& b,22)< \\\
;
}

完整组合:

  1 .mod_init_func 
2 .align 3
3 .quad __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj
4 .section __TEXT,__ textcoal_nt,coalesced,pure_instructions
5。 align 1
6 .align 4
7 .globl __ZNK1A1fEv
8 .weak_definition __ZNK1A1fEv
9 __ZNK1A1fEv:
10 LFB1477:
11 pushq%rbp
12 LCFI0:
13 movq%rsp,%rbp
14 LCFI1:
15 xorl%eax,%eax
16 leave
17 ret
18 LFE1477:
19 .align 1
20 .align 4
21 .globl __ZNK1B1fEv
22 .weak_definition __ZNK1B1fEv
23 __ZNK1B1fEv:
24 LFB1478:
25 pushq%rbp
26 LCFI2:
27 movq%rsp,%rbp
28 LCFI3:
29 movl $ 1,%eax
30 leave
31 ret
32 LFE1478:
33 .text
34 .align 4,0x90
35 .globl __Z3accPK1Aj
36 __Z3accPK1Aj:
37 LFB1479:
38 pushq%rbp
39 LCFI4:
40 movq%rsp,%rbp
41 LCFI5:
42 pushq%r14
43 LCFI6:
44 pushq%r13
45 LCFI7:
46 pushq%r12
47 LCFI8:
48 pushq%rbx
49 LCFI9:
50 movq% rdi,%r12
51 movl%esi,%r13d
52 xorl%r14d,%r14d
53 testl%esi,%esi
54 je L8
55 xorl %ebx,%ebx
56 .align 4,0x90
57 L9:
58 movq(%r12),%rax
59 movq%r12,%rdi
60 call *(%rax)
61 addl%eax,%r14d
62 incl%ebx
63 cmpl%r13d,%ebx
64 jne L9
65 L8 :
66 movl%r14d,%eax
67 popq%rbx
68 popq%r12
69 popq%r13
70 popq%r14
71 leave
72 ret
73 LFE1479:
74 .section __TEXT,__ StaticInit,regular,pure_instructions
75 .align 4
76 __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii:
77 LFB1649:
78 pushq%rbp
79 LCFI10:
80 movq%rsp,%rbp
81 LCFI11:
82 decl%edi
83 je L18
84 L17:
85 leave
86 ret
87 .align 4
88 L18:
89 cmpl $ 65535,%esi
90 jne L17
91 leaq __ZStL8__ioinit(%rip),%rdi
92调用__ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev
93 movq ___ dso_handle @ GOTPCREL(%rip),%rdx
94 xorl%esi,%esi
95 leaq ___ tcf_0(%rip),%rdi
96 leave
97 jmp ___cxa_atexit
98 LFE1649:
99 .align 4
100 __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj:
101 LFB1651:
102 pushq%rbp
103 LCFI12:
104 movq%rsp,%rbp
105 LCFI13:
106 movl $ 65535,%esi
movl $ 1,%edi
108 leave
109 jmp __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii
110 LFE1651:
111 .text
112 .align 4,0x90
113 ___tcf_0:
114 LFB1650:
115 pushq%rbp
116 LCFI14:
117 movq%rsp,%rbp
118 LCFI15:
119 leaq __ZStL8__ioinit ,%rdi
120 leave
121 jmp __ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
122 LFE1650:
123 .cstring
124 LC0:
125 .ascii\12\ 0
126 .text
127 .align 4,0x90
128 .globl _main
129 _main:
130 LFB1480:
131 pushq%rbp
132 LCFI16:
133 movq%rsp,%rbp
134 LCFI17:
135 pushq%r14
136 LCFI18:
137 pushq%r13
138 LCFI19:
139 pushq%r12
140 LCFI20:
141 pushq%rbx
142 LCFI21:
143 subq $ 32,%rsp
144 LCFI22 :
145 movq __ZTV1A @ GOTPCREL(%rip),%rax
146 addq $ 16,%rax
147 movq%rax,-48(%rbp)
148 movq __ZTV1B @ GOTPCREL(%rip),%rax
149 addq $ 16,%rax
150 movq%rax,-64(%rbp)
151 leaq -48(%rbp),%r13
152 movq%r13,%rdi
153 call __ZNK1A1fEv
154 movl%eax,%ebx
155 movl $ 1,%r12d
156 .align 4,0x90
157 L24:
158 movq%r13,%rdi
159调用__ZNK1A1fEv
160 addl%eax,%ebx
161包含%r12d
162 cmpl $ 20, r12d
163 jne L24
164 movl%ebx,%esi
165 movq __ZSt4cout @ GOTPCREL(%rip),%r14
166 movq%r14,%rdi
167 call __ZNSolsEi
168 movq%rax,%rdi
169 movl $ 1,%edx
170 leaq LC0(%rip),%rsi
171调用__ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
172 leaq -64(%rbp),%r13
173 movq%r13,%rdi
174 movq -64(%rbp),%rax
175调用*(%rax)
176 movl%eax,%ebx
177 movb $ 1,%r12b
178 .align 4,0x90
179 L26:
180 movq%r13,%rdi
181 movq -64(%rbp),%rax
182 call *(%rax)
183 addl%eax,%ebx
184 incl%r12d
185 cmpl $ 22, r12d
186 jne L26
187 movl%ebx,%esi
188 movq%r14,%rdi
189调用__ZNSolsEi
190 movq%rax,%rdi
191 movl $ 1,%edx
192 leaq LC0(%rip),%rsi
193调用__ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
194 xorl%eax,%eax
195 addq $ 32,%rsp
196 popq%rbx
197 popq%r12
198 popq%r13
199 popq%r14
200 leave
201 ret
202 LFE1480 :
203 .lcomm __ZStL8__ioinit,1,0
204 .globl __ZTV1A
205 .weak_definition __ZTV1A
206 .section __DATA,__ const_coal,coalesced
207。 b $ b 208 __ZTV1A:
209 .quad 0
210 .quad __ZTI1A
211 .quad __ZNK1A1fEv
212 .globl __ZTI1A
213 .weak_definition __ZTI1A
214 .align 4
215 __ZTI1A:
216 .quad __ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE + 16
217 .quad __ZTS1A
218 .globl __ZTS1A
219 .weak_definition __ZTS1A
220 .section __TEXT,__ const_coal,coalesced
221 __ZTS1A:
222 .ascii1A\0
223 .globl __ZTV1B
224 .weak_definition __ZTV1B
225。 __DATA,__ const_coal,coalesced
226 .align 4
227 __ZTV1B:
228 .quad 0
229 .quad __ZTI1B
230 .quad __ZNK1B1fEv
231。 globl __ZTI1B
232 .weak_definition __ZTI1B
233 .align 4
234 __ZTI1B:
235 .quad __ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE + 16
236 .quad __ZTS1B
237 .quad __ZTI1A
238 .globl __ZTS1B
239 .weak_definition __ZTS1B
240 .section __TEXT,__ const_coal,coalesced
241 __ZTS1B:
242 .ascii1B\0
243 .section __TEXT,__ eh_frame,coalesced,no_toc + strip_static_syms + live_support
244 EH_frame1:
245 .set L $ set $ 0,LECIE1-LSCIE1
246 .long L $ set $ 0
247 LSCIE1:
248 .long 0x0
249 .byte 0x1
250 .asciizPR\0
251 .byte 0x1
252。字节0x78
253 .byte 0x10
254 .byte 0x6
255 .byte 0x9b
256 .long ___ gxx_personality_v0 + 4 @ GOTPCREL
257 .byte 0x10
258 .byte 0xc
259 .byte 0x7
260 .byte 0x8
261 .byte 0x90
262 .byte 0x1
263 .align 3
264 LECIE1 :
265 .globl __ZNK1A1fEv.eh
266 .weak_definition __ZNK1A1fEv.eh
267 __ZNK1A1fEv.eh:
268 LSFDE1:
269 .set L $ set $ 1,LEFDE1 -LASFDE1
270 .long L $ set $ 1
271 LASFDE1:
272 .long LASFDE1-EH_frame1
273 .quad LFB1477-。
274 .set L $ set $ 2,LFE1477-LFB1477
275 .quad L $ set $ 2
276 .byte 0x0
277 .byte 0x4
278 .set L $ set $ 3,LCFI0-LFB1477
279 .long L $ set $ 3
280 .byte 0xe
281 .byte 0x10
282 .byte 0x86
283 .byte 0x2
284 .byte 0x4
285 .set L $ set $ 4,LCFI1-LCFI0
286 .long L $ set $ 4
287 .byte 0xd
288 .byte 0x6
289 .align 3
290 LEFDE1:
291 .globl __ZNK1B1fEv.eh
292 .weak_definition __ZNK1B1fEv.eh
293 __ZNK1B1fEv.eh:
294 LSFDE3 :
295 .set L $ set $ 5,LEFDE3-LASFDE3
296 .long L $ set $ 5
297 LASFDE3:
298 .long LASFDE3-EH_frame1
299。 quad LFB1478-。
300 .set L $ set $ 6,LFE1478-LFB1478
301 .quad L $ set $ 6
302 .byte 0x0
303 .byte 0x4
304 .set L $ set $ 7,LCFI2-LFB1478
305 .long L $ set $ 7
306 .byte 0xe
307 .byte 0x10
308 .byte 0x86
309 .byte 0x2
310 .byte 0x4
311 .set L $ set $ 8,LCFI3-LCFI2
312 .long L $ set $ 8
313 .byte 0xd
314 .byte 0x6
315 .align 3
316 LEFDE3:
317 .globl __Z3accPK1Aj.eh
318 __Z3accPK1Aj.eh:
319 LSFDE5:
320 .set L $设置$ 9,LEFDE5-LASFDE5
321 .long L $ set $ 9
322 LASFDE5:
323 .long LASFDE5-EH_frame1
324 .quad LFB1479-。
325 .set L $ set $ 10,LFE1479-LFB1479
326 .quad L $ set $ 10
327 .byte 0x0
328 .byte 0x4
329 .set L $ set $ 11,LCFI4-LFB1479
330 .long L $ set $ 11
331 .byte 0xe
332 .byte 0x10
333 .byte 0x86
334 .byte 0x2
335 .byte 0x4
336 .set L $ set $ 12,LCFI5-LCFI4
337 .long L $ set $ 12
338 .byte 0xd
339 .byte 0x6
340 .byte 0x4
341 .set L $ set $ 13,LCFI9-LCFI5
342 .long L $ set $ 13
343 .byte 0x83
344 .byte 0x6
345 .byte 0x8c
346 .byte 0x5
347 .byte 0x8d
348 .byte 0x4
349 .byte 0x8e
350 .byte 0x3
351 .align 3
352 LEFDE5:
353 __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii.eh:
354 LSFDE7:
355 .set L $ set $ 14,LEFDE7-LASFDE7
356。长L $ set $ 14
357 LASFDE7:
358 .long LASFDE7-EH_frame1
359 .quad LFB1649-。
360 .set L $ set $ 15,LFE1649-LFB1649
361 .quad L $ set $ 15
362 .byte 0x0
363 .byte 0x4
364 .set L $ set $ 16,LCFI10-LFB1649
365 .long L $ set $ 16
366 .byte 0xe
367 .byte 0x10
368 .byte 0x86
369 .byte 0x2
370 .byte 0x4
371 .set L $ set $ 17,LCFI11-LCFI10
372 .long L $ set $ 17
373 .byte 0xd
374 .byte 0x6
375 .align 3
376 LEFDE7:
377 __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj.eh:
378 LSFDE9:
379 .set L $ set $ 18,LEFDE9-LASFDE9
380 .long L $ set $ 18
381 LASFDE9:
382 .long LASFDE9-EH_frame1
383 .quad LFB1651-。
384 .set L $ set $ 19,LFE1651-LFB1651
385 .quad L $ set $ 19
386 .byte 0x0
387 .byte 0x4
388 .set L $ set $ 20,LCFI12-LFB1651
389 .long L $ set $ 20
390 .byte 0xe
391 .byte 0x10
392 .byte 0x86
393 .byte 0x2
394 .byte 0x4
395 .set L $ set $ 21,LCFI13-LCFI12
396 .long L $ set $ 21
397 .byte 0xd
398 .byte 0x6
399 .align 3
400 LEFDE9:
401 ___tcf_0.eh:
402 LSFDE11:
403 .set L $ set $ 22,LEFDE11-LASFDE11
404 .long L $ set $ 22
405 LASFDE11:
406 .long LASFDE11-EH_frame1
407 .quad LFB1650-。
408 .set L $ set $ 23,LFE1650-LFB1650
409 .quad L $ set $ 23
410 .byte 0x0
411 .byte 0x4
412 .set L $ set $ 24,LCFI14-LFB1650
413 .long L $ set $ 24
414 .byte 0xe
415 .byte 0x10
416 .byte 0x86
417 .byte 0x2
418 .byte 0x4
419 .set L $ set $ 25,LCFI15-LCFI14
420 .long L $ set $ 25
421 .byte 0xd
422 .byte 0x6
423 .align 3
424 LEFDE11:
425 .globl _main.eh
426 _main.eh:
427 LSFDE13:
428 .set L $ set $ 26,LEFDE13-LASFDE13
429 .long L $ set $ 26
430 LASFDE13:
431 .long LASFDE13-EH_frame1
432 .quad LFB1480-。
433 .set L $ set $ 27,LFE1480-LFB1480
434 .quad L $ set $ 27
435 .byte 0x0
436 .byte 0x4
437 .set L $ set $ 28,LCFI16-LFB1480
438 .long L $ set $ 28
439 .byte 0xe
440 .byte 0x10
441 .byte 0x86
442 .byte 0x2
443 .byte 0x4
444 .set L $ set $ 29,LCFI17-LCFI16
445 .long L $ set $ 29
446 .byte 0xd
447 .byte 0x6
448 .byte 0x4
449 .set L $ set $ 30,LCFI22-LCFI17
450 .long L $ set $ 30
451 .byte 0x83
452 .byte 0x6
453 .byte 0x8c
454 .byte 0x5
455 .byte 0x8d
456 .byte 0x4
457 .byte 0x8e
458 .byte 0x3
459 .align 3
460 LEFDE13:
461 .constructor
462 .destructor
463 .align 1
464 .subsections_via_symbols


I was discussing the merits of "modern" languages compared to C++ with some friends recently, when the following came up (I think inspired by Java):

Does any C++ compiler optimize dynamic dispatch out of a loop? If not, is there any kind of construction that would allow the author to force (or strongly encourage) such an optimization?

Here's the example. Suppose I have a polymorphic hierarchy:

struct A { virtual int f() { return 0; } };

struct B : A { virtual int f() { return /* something complicated */; } /*...*/ };

Now I have a loop that accumulates f():

int acc(const A * p, unsigned int N)
{
  int result = 0;

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
    result += p->f();  // #1

  return result;
}

In this function, the dynamic dispatch p->f() appears to happen during every round of the loop. However, the ultimate target of the dispatch blatantly (?) cannot vary.

Question: Does this dynamic dispatch get optimized by the compiler? If not, is there any way to rewrite the code to force this optimization, or at least enable the compiler to recognize this? Is there any good test code that can tell me quickly whether this is getting optimized already?

I'm interested in both language and implementation answers, such as "this is impossible according to the standard", or "yes, MSVC does this with option /xyzzy".

Some comparative remarks: Apparently Java does optimize and even inline the call in the inner loop if appropriate. Objective-C++ apparently allows you to query the dynamic function pointer and store it.

Clarification: The main use case which I'm interested in is when the base class and the function with the loop (like the accumulator) are part of a separate translation unit or library, and there is no control over or knowledge of the derived classes.

解决方案

I compiled the above code:

The only change I made was to make the methods const as the parameter 'p' to acc() was also const.
When I compiled it (on a macbook) using g++ 4.2.1 and -O3 I get the following code (this looks like the loop in acc()).

Does not look like it is chaining through the lookup table.
It is a simple get via a register that already has vtable set up.

 57 L9:
 58     movq    (%r12), %rax   // Get the location of f() method address via the r12 register
 59     movq    %r12, %rdi     // Set up rdi register as `this` (for after call)
 60     call    *(%rax)        // Call the F() method. address is in memory pointed at by rax
 61     addl    %eax, %r14d
 62     incl    %ebx
 63     cmpl    %r13d, %ebx
 64     jne L9

If I remove the virtual descriptors from the lines the same code is:

 76 L16:
 77     movq    %r14, %rdi     // Set up rdi register as `this` (for after call)
 78     call    __ZNK1A1fEv    // Call the F() method.
 79     addl    %eax, %r13d
 80     incl    %ebx
 81     cmpl    %r12d, %ebx
 82     jne L16

So the difference in the above code is really:

movq    (%r12), %rax     This is a register to register copy.
                         The cost of this is practically nothing and you could never
                         detect it. No matter how many times you called the function.

call    *(%rax)          Here we have to look up the address to call by getting it
                         from memory. Now this could be expensive.

                         But in reality is not. The first time this is called the
                         memory will be placed in an in-chip memory cache (if it is
                         not there you will get a processor stall while it is loaded
                         from memory (or the next cache up)) but after that it will
                         be really fast.

                         But it is not quite as fast as just calling the address (for
                         the non virtual version). But the difference is insignificant
                         and other factors in the code will drown out any gains or
                         just in pure noise of the measurements.

So to answer the question. No the address of the function is not cached for re-use. It is looked up each time through the loop.

Source that was compiled:

#include <iostream>

struct A { virtual int f() const { return 0; } };

struct B : A { virtual int f() const { return 1; }};

int acc(const A * p, unsigned int N)
{
    int result = 0;

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
        result += p->f();  // #1

    return result;
}

int main()
{
    A       a;
    B       b;
    std::cout << acc(&a, 20) << "\n";
    std::cout << acc(&b, 22) << "\n";
}

Full Assembley:

  1     .mod_init_func
  2     .align 3
  3     .quad   __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj
  4     .section __TEXT,__textcoal_nt,coalesced,pure_instructions
  5     .align 1
  6     .align 4
  7 .globl __ZNK1A1fEv
  8     .weak_definition __ZNK1A1fEv
  9 __ZNK1A1fEv:
 10 LFB1477:
 11     pushq   %rbp
 12 LCFI0:
 13     movq    %rsp, %rbp
 14 LCFI1:
 15     xorl    %eax, %eax
 16     leave
 17     ret
 18 LFE1477:
 19     .align 1
 20     .align 4
 21 .globl __ZNK1B1fEv
 22     .weak_definition __ZNK1B1fEv
 23 __ZNK1B1fEv:
 24 LFB1478:
 25     pushq   %rbp
 26 LCFI2:
 27     movq    %rsp, %rbp
 28 LCFI3:
 29     movl    $1, %eax
 30     leave
 31     ret
 32 LFE1478:
 33     .text
 34     .align 4,0x90
 35 .globl __Z3accPK1Aj
 36 __Z3accPK1Aj:
 37 LFB1479:
 38     pushq   %rbp
 39 LCFI4:
 40     movq    %rsp, %rbp
 41 LCFI5:
 42     pushq   %r14
 43 LCFI6:
 44     pushq   %r13
 45 LCFI7:
 46     pushq   %r12
 47 LCFI8:
 48     pushq   %rbx
 49 LCFI9:
 50     movq    %rdi, %r12
 51     movl    %esi, %r13d
 52     xorl    %r14d, %r14d
 53     testl   %esi, %esi
 54     je  L8
 55     xorl    %ebx, %ebx
 56     .align 4,0x90
 57 L9:
 58     movq    (%r12), %rax
 59     movq    %r12, %rdi
 60     call    *(%rax)
 61     addl    %eax, %r14d
 62     incl    %ebx
 63     cmpl    %r13d, %ebx
 64     jne L9
 65 L8:
 66     movl    %r14d, %eax
 67     popq    %rbx
 68     popq    %r12
 69     popq    %r13
 70     popq    %r14
 71     leave
 72     ret
 73 LFE1479:
 74     .section __TEXT,__StaticInit,regular,pure_instructions
 75     .align 4
 76 __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii:
 77 LFB1649:
 78     pushq   %rbp
 79 LCFI10:
 80     movq    %rsp, %rbp
 81 LCFI11:
 82     decl    %edi
 83     je  L18
 84 L17:
 85     leave
 86     ret
 87     .align 4
 88 L18:
 89     cmpl    $65535, %esi
 90     jne L17
 91     leaq    __ZStL8__ioinit(%rip), %rdi
 92     call    __ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev
 93     movq    ___dso_handle@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rdx
 94     xorl    %esi, %esi
 95     leaq    ___tcf_0(%rip), %rdi
 96     leave
 97     jmp ___cxa_atexit
 98 LFE1649:
 99     .align 4
100 __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj:
101 LFB1651:
102     pushq   %rbp
103 LCFI12:
104     movq    %rsp, %rbp
105 LCFI13:
106     movl    $65535, %esi
107     movl    $1, %edi
108     leave
109     jmp __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii
110 LFE1651:
111     .text
112     .align 4,0x90
113 ___tcf_0:
114 LFB1650:
115     pushq   %rbp
116 LCFI14:
117     movq    %rsp, %rbp
118 LCFI15:
119     leaq    __ZStL8__ioinit(%rip), %rdi
120     leave
121     jmp __ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
122 LFE1650:
123     .cstring
124 LC0:
125     .ascii "\12\0"
126     .text
127     .align 4,0x90
128 .globl _main
129 _main:
130 LFB1480:
131     pushq   %rbp
132 LCFI16:
133     movq    %rsp, %rbp
134 LCFI17:
135     pushq   %r14
136 LCFI18:
137     pushq   %r13
138 LCFI19:
139     pushq   %r12
140 LCFI20:
141     pushq   %rbx
142 LCFI21:
143     subq    $32, %rsp
144 LCFI22:
145     movq    __ZTV1A@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
146     addq    $16, %rax
147     movq    %rax, -48(%rbp)
148     movq    __ZTV1B@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
149     addq    $16, %rax
150     movq    %rax, -64(%rbp)
151     leaq    -48(%rbp), %r13
152     movq    %r13, %rdi
153     call    __ZNK1A1fEv
154     movl    %eax, %ebx
155     movl    $1, %r12d
156     .align 4,0x90
157 L24:
158     movq    %r13, %rdi
159     call    __ZNK1A1fEv
160     addl    %eax, %ebx
161     incl    %r12d
162     cmpl    $20, %r12d
163     jne L24
164     movl    %ebx, %esi
165     movq    __ZSt4cout@GOTPCREL(%rip), %r14
166     movq    %r14, %rdi
167     call    __ZNSolsEi
168     movq    %rax, %rdi
169     movl    $1, %edx
170     leaq    LC0(%rip), %rsi
171     call    __ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
172     leaq    -64(%rbp), %r13
173     movq    %r13, %rdi
174     movq    -64(%rbp), %rax
175     call    *(%rax)
176     movl    %eax, %ebx
177     movb    $1, %r12b
178     .align 4,0x90
179 L26:
180     movq    %r13, %rdi
181     movq    -64(%rbp), %rax
182     call    *(%rax)
183     addl    %eax, %ebx
184     incl    %r12d
185     cmpl    $22, %r12d
186     jne L26
187     movl    %ebx, %esi
188     movq    %r14, %rdi
189     call    __ZNSolsEi
190     movq    %rax, %rdi
191     movl    $1, %edx
192     leaq    LC0(%rip), %rsi
193     call    __ZSt16__ostream_insertIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_PKS3_l
194     xorl    %eax, %eax
195     addq    $32, %rsp
196     popq    %rbx
197     popq    %r12
198     popq    %r13
199     popq    %r14
200     leave
201     ret
202 LFE1480:
203 .lcomm __ZStL8__ioinit,1,0
204 .globl __ZTV1A
205     .weak_definition __ZTV1A
206     .section __DATA,__const_coal,coalesced
207     .align 4
208 __ZTV1A:
209     .quad   0
210     .quad   __ZTI1A
211     .quad   __ZNK1A1fEv
212 .globl __ZTI1A
213     .weak_definition __ZTI1A
214     .align 4
215 __ZTI1A:
216     .quad   __ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE+16
217     .quad   __ZTS1A
218 .globl __ZTS1A
219     .weak_definition __ZTS1A
220     .section __TEXT,__const_coal,coalesced
221 __ZTS1A:
222     .ascii "1A\0"
223 .globl __ZTV1B
224     .weak_definition __ZTV1B
225     .section __DATA,__const_coal,coalesced
226     .align 4
227 __ZTV1B:
228     .quad   0
229     .quad   __ZTI1B
230     .quad   __ZNK1B1fEv
231 .globl __ZTI1B
232     .weak_definition __ZTI1B
233     .align 4
234 __ZTI1B:
235     .quad   __ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE+16
236     .quad   __ZTS1B
237     .quad   __ZTI1A
238 .globl __ZTS1B
239     .weak_definition __ZTS1B
240     .section __TEXT,__const_coal,coalesced
241 __ZTS1B:
242     .ascii "1B\0"
243     .section __TEXT,__eh_frame,coalesced,no_toc+strip_static_syms+live_support
244 EH_frame1:
245     .set L$set$0,LECIE1-LSCIE1
246     .long L$set$0
247 LSCIE1:
248     .long   0x0
249     .byte   0x1
250     .ascii "zPR\0"
251     .byte   0x1
252     .byte   0x78
253     .byte   0x10
254     .byte   0x6
255     .byte   0x9b
256     .long   ___gxx_personality_v0+4@GOTPCREL
257     .byte   0x10
258     .byte   0xc
259     .byte   0x7
260     .byte   0x8
261     .byte   0x90
262     .byte   0x1
263     .align 3
264 LECIE1:
265 .globl __ZNK1A1fEv.eh
266     .weak_definition __ZNK1A1fEv.eh
267 __ZNK1A1fEv.eh:
268 LSFDE1:
269     .set L$set$1,LEFDE1-LASFDE1
270     .long L$set$1
271 LASFDE1:
272     .long   LASFDE1-EH_frame1
273     .quad   LFB1477-.
274     .set L$set$2,LFE1477-LFB1477
275     .quad L$set$2
276     .byte   0x0
277     .byte   0x4
278     .set L$set$3,LCFI0-LFB1477
279     .long L$set$3
280     .byte   0xe
281     .byte   0x10
282     .byte   0x86
283     .byte   0x2
284     .byte   0x4
285     .set L$set$4,LCFI1-LCFI0
286     .long L$set$4
287     .byte   0xd
288     .byte   0x6
289     .align 3
290 LEFDE1:
291 .globl __ZNK1B1fEv.eh
292     .weak_definition __ZNK1B1fEv.eh
293 __ZNK1B1fEv.eh:
294 LSFDE3:
295     .set L$set$5,LEFDE3-LASFDE3
296     .long L$set$5
297 LASFDE3:
298     .long   LASFDE3-EH_frame1
299     .quad   LFB1478-.
300     .set L$set$6,LFE1478-LFB1478
301     .quad L$set$6
302     .byte   0x0
303     .byte   0x4
304     .set L$set$7,LCFI2-LFB1478
305     .long L$set$7
306     .byte   0xe
307     .byte   0x10
308     .byte   0x86
309     .byte   0x2
310     .byte   0x4
311     .set L$set$8,LCFI3-LCFI2
312     .long L$set$8
313     .byte   0xd
314     .byte   0x6
315     .align 3
316 LEFDE3:
317 .globl __Z3accPK1Aj.eh
318 __Z3accPK1Aj.eh:
319 LSFDE5:
320     .set L$set$9,LEFDE5-LASFDE5
321     .long L$set$9
322 LASFDE5:
323     .long   LASFDE5-EH_frame1
324     .quad   LFB1479-.
325     .set L$set$10,LFE1479-LFB1479
326     .quad L$set$10
327     .byte   0x0
328     .byte   0x4
329     .set L$set$11,LCFI4-LFB1479
330     .long L$set$11
331     .byte   0xe
332     .byte   0x10
333     .byte   0x86
334     .byte   0x2
335     .byte   0x4
336     .set L$set$12,LCFI5-LCFI4
337     .long L$set$12
338     .byte   0xd
339     .byte   0x6
340     .byte   0x4
341     .set L$set$13,LCFI9-LCFI5
342     .long L$set$13
343     .byte   0x83
344     .byte   0x6
345     .byte   0x8c
346     .byte   0x5
347     .byte   0x8d
348     .byte   0x4
349     .byte   0x8e
350     .byte   0x3
351     .align 3
352 LEFDE5:
353 __Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii.eh:
354 LSFDE7:
355     .set L$set$14,LEFDE7-LASFDE7
356     .long L$set$14
357 LASFDE7:
358     .long   LASFDE7-EH_frame1
359     .quad   LFB1649-.
360     .set L$set$15,LFE1649-LFB1649
361     .quad L$set$15
362     .byte   0x0
363     .byte   0x4
364     .set L$set$16,LCFI10-LFB1649
365     .long L$set$16
366     .byte   0xe
367     .byte   0x10
368     .byte   0x86
369     .byte   0x2
370     .byte   0x4
371     .set L$set$17,LCFI11-LCFI10
372     .long L$set$17
373     .byte   0xd
374     .byte   0x6
375     .align 3
376 LEFDE7:
377 __GLOBAL__I__Z3accPK1Aj.eh:
378 LSFDE9:
379     .set L$set$18,LEFDE9-LASFDE9
380     .long L$set$18
381 LASFDE9:
382     .long   LASFDE9-EH_frame1
383     .quad   LFB1651-.
384     .set L$set$19,LFE1651-LFB1651
385     .quad L$set$19
386     .byte   0x0
387     .byte   0x4
388     .set L$set$20,LCFI12-LFB1651
389     .long L$set$20
390     .byte   0xe
391     .byte   0x10
392     .byte   0x86
393     .byte   0x2
394     .byte   0x4
395     .set L$set$21,LCFI13-LCFI12
396     .long L$set$21
397     .byte   0xd
398     .byte   0x6
399     .align 3
400 LEFDE9:
401 ___tcf_0.eh:
402 LSFDE11:
403     .set L$set$22,LEFDE11-LASFDE11
404     .long L$set$22
405 LASFDE11:
406     .long   LASFDE11-EH_frame1
407     .quad   LFB1650-.
408     .set L$set$23,LFE1650-LFB1650
409     .quad L$set$23
410     .byte   0x0
411     .byte   0x4
412     .set L$set$24,LCFI14-LFB1650
413     .long L$set$24
414     .byte   0xe
415     .byte   0x10
416     .byte   0x86
417     .byte   0x2
418     .byte   0x4
419     .set L$set$25,LCFI15-LCFI14
420     .long L$set$25
421     .byte   0xd
422     .byte   0x6
423     .align 3
424 LEFDE11:
425 .globl _main.eh
426 _main.eh:
427 LSFDE13:
428     .set L$set$26,LEFDE13-LASFDE13
429     .long L$set$26
430 LASFDE13:
431     .long   LASFDE13-EH_frame1
432     .quad   LFB1480-.
433     .set L$set$27,LFE1480-LFB1480
434     .quad L$set$27
435     .byte   0x0
436     .byte   0x4
437     .set L$set$28,LCFI16-LFB1480
438     .long L$set$28
439     .byte   0xe
440     .byte   0x10
441     .byte   0x86
442     .byte   0x2
443     .byte   0x4
444     .set L$set$29,LCFI17-LCFI16
445     .long L$set$29
446     .byte   0xd
447     .byte   0x6
448     .byte   0x4
449     .set L$set$30,LCFI22-LCFI17
450     .long L$set$30
451     .byte   0x83
452     .byte   0x6
453     .byte   0x8c
454     .byte   0x5
455     .byte   0x8d
456     .byte   0x4
457     .byte   0x8e
458     .byte   0x3
459     .align 3
460 LEFDE13:
461     .constructor
462     .destructor
463     .align 1
464     .subsections_via_symbols

这篇关于将循环中的动态类型(a.k.a.做Java的C ++方式)的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

查看全文
登录 关闭
扫码关注1秒登录
发送“验证码”获取 | 15天全站免登陆