获取错误：“nvlink错误：未定义对”_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd“的引用 [英] Getting error: "nvlink error : Undefined reference to '_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd'"

问题描述

对于我的CUDA（v7.5）应用程序运行 make 时，会出现以下错误：

I am getting the following error when running make for my CUDA (v7.5) application:

nvlink error : Undefined reference to '_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd'

不知道为什么。似乎有些事情可能是错误的我的Makefile。这里是 - 任何想法可能会导致错误？提前感谢！

I'm not sure why. It seems something is likely wrong with my Makefile. Here it is -- any ideas what might be causing the error? Thank you in advance!

CC = nvcc
CFLAGS = -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field
LFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib -Llib $(shell pkg-config --libs libmongoc-1.0 libbson-1.0)
INCLUDES = -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude $(shell pkg-config --cflags libmongoc-1.0 libbson-1.0)
LIBS = -lgsl -lcblas
BIN = ./bin
OBJDIR = ./obj
OBJ = factories/optimizationStrategyFactory.o positions/callPosition.o positions/putPosition.o \
      positions/position.o strategies/reversalsOptimizationStrategy.o strategies/optimizationStrategy.o \
      strategies/strategy.o factories/optimizerFactory.o optimizers/reversalsOptimizer.o optimizers/optimizer.o \
      factories/dataParserFactory.o dataParsers/oandaDataParser.o dataParsers/dataParser.o \
      studies/study.o studies/smaStudy.o studies/emaStudy.o studies/rsiStudy.o \
      studies/stochasticOscillatorStudy.o studies/polynomialRegressionChannelStudy.o

all: prepareData optimize

prepareData: src/prepareData.cu $(addprefix lib/,$(OBJ))
    @mkdir -p $(BIN)
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $(BIN)/$@ src/prepareData.cu $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(addprefix lib/,$(OBJ))) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS)

optimize: src/optimize.cu $(addprefix lib/,$(OBJ))
    @mkdir -p $(BIN)
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $(BIN)/$@ src/optimize.cu $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(addprefix lib/,$(OBJ))) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS)

%.o: %.cu
    @mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)/lib/strategies $(OBJDIR)/lib/positions $(OBJDIR)/lib/factories $(OBJDIR)/lib/optimizers $(OBJDIR)/lib/dataParsers $(OBJDIR)/lib/studies
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $(OBJDIR)/$@ --device-c $<
clean:
    rm -rf $(BIN) $(OBJDIR)

这是完整的编译器输出：

And here is the full compiler output:

rm -rf ./bin ./obj
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/factories/optimizationStrategyFactory.o --device-c lib/factories/optimizationStrategyFactory.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/positions/callPosition.o --device-c lib/positions/callPosition.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/positions/putPosition.o --device-c lib/positions/putPosition.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/positions/position.o --device-c lib/positions/position.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/strategies/reversalsOptimizationStrategy.o --device-c lib/strategies/reversalsOptimizationStrategy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/strategies/optimizationStrategy.o --device-c lib/strategies/optimizationStrategy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/strategies/strategy.o --device-c lib/strategies/strategy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/factories/optimizerFactory.o --device-c lib/factories/optimizerFactory.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/optimizers/reversalsOptimizer.o --device-c lib/optimizers/reversalsOptimizer.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/optimizers/optimizer.o --device-c lib/optimizers/optimizer.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/factories/dataParserFactory.o --device-c lib/factories/dataParserFactory.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/dataParsers/oandaDataParser.o --device-c lib/dataParsers/oandaDataParser.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/dataParsers/dataParser.o --device-c lib/dataParsers/dataParser.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/study.o --device-c lib/studies/study.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/smaStudy.o --device-c lib/studies/smaStudy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/emaStudy.o --device-c lib/studies/emaStudy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/rsiStudy.o --device-c lib/studies/rsiStudy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/stochasticOscillatorStudy.o --device-c lib/studies/stochasticOscillatorStudy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./obj/lib/studies/polynomialRegressionChannelStudy.o --device-c lib/studies/polynomialRegressionChannelStudy.cu
nvcc -std=c++11 -m64 -arch=compute_35 -code=sm_35 --compiler-options=-Wall,-Wno-unused-function,-Wno-unused-local-typedef,-Wno-unused-private-field -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -Iinclude -I/usr/local/include/libmongoc-1.0 -I/usr/local/include/libbson-1.0 -o ./bin/prepareData src/prepareData.cu ./obj/lib/factories/optimizationStrategyFactory.o ./obj/lib/positions/callPosition.o ./obj/lib/positions/putPosition.o ./obj/lib/positions/position.o ./obj/lib/strategies/reversalsOptimizationStrategy.o ./obj/lib/strategies/optimizationStrategy.o ./obj/lib/strategies/strategy.o ./obj/lib/factories/optimizerFactory.o ./obj/lib/optimizers/reversalsOptimizer.o ./obj/lib/optimizers/optimizer.o ./obj/lib/factories/dataParserFactory.o ./obj/lib/dataParsers/oandaDataParser.o ./obj/lib/dataParsers/dataParser.o ./obj/lib/studies/study.o ./obj/lib/studies/smaStudy.o ./obj/lib/studies/emaStudy.o ./obj/lib/studies/rsiStudy.o ./obj/lib/studies/stochasticOscillatorStudy.o ./obj/lib/studies/polynomialRegressionChannelStudy.o -L/usr/local/lib -Llib -L/usr/local/lib -lsasl2 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -lmongoc-1.0 -lbson-1.0 -lgsl -lcblas
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN12CallPosition13getProfitLossEv' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN12CallPosition18getTransactionTypeEv' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN11PutPosition13getProfitLossEv' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN11PutPosition18getTransactionTypeEv' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN8PositionD1Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN8PositionD0Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN12CallPositionD1Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN12CallPositionD0Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN11PutPositionD1Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN11PutPositionD0Ev' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN29ReversalsOptimizationStrategy8backtestEPddd' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN20OptimizationStrategy4tickEPd' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink info    : Function '_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd' has address taken but no possible call to it
nvlink error   : Undefined reference to '_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd' in './obj/lib/strategies/optimizationStrategy.o'
make: *** [prepareData] Error 255

注意这在我添加 - device-c （一些代码更改需要）的时候开始。

Note this started happening around the time I added --device-c (which some code changes require).

推荐答案

传递给CUDA内核的对象不能有虚函数。请参见此线程。

Turns out objects passed to CUDA kernels cannot have virtual functions. See this thread.

但是，似乎仅在内核中实例化和使用的对象可以有虚函数。

However, it seems that objects instantiated and used only within the kernel can have virtual functions.

这篇关于获取错误：“nvlink错误：未定义对”_ZN8Strategy8backtestEPddd“的引用的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！