混合符号整数数学取决于可变大小 [英] mixed-sign integer math depends on variable size

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问题描述

函数 g1() g2()具有相同的逻辑,但输入类型有不同的大小。为什么它们对负和的返回不同的结果?

Functions g1() and g2() have identical logic, but the input types have different sizes. Why do they return different results for negative sums?

/*BINFMTCXX: -Wall -Werror -Wextra -std=c++11
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>

char g1( int32_t a, uint32_t b ) { return a+b<9; } // fails when a+b is negative
char g2( int16_t a, uint16_t b ) { return a+b<9; } // works if no overflow

int main()
   {

   for ( int a=-2, b=0; a<=2; a++ )
      {
      fprintf(stderr,"a=%+d, b=%d, g1=%+d, g2=%+d %s\n", a, b, g1(a,b), g2(a,b), g1(a,b)==g2(a,b)?"":"!" );
      }

   return 0;
   }



当我运行它时,它显示 g1 )在 a + b 为负数时失败:

$ ./mixed_sign_math_per_size.cpp
a=-2, b=0, g1=+0, g2=+1 !
a=-1, b=0, g1=+0, g2=+1 !
a=+0, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1 
a=+1, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1 
a=+2, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1 

结果与C C ++。

推荐答案

由于通常的算术转换 a b code> g2 的主体被提升为 int ,这就是为什么这个函数工作得很好。

As a result of the usual arithmetic conversions, both a and b in g2's body are promoted to int, which is why that function works perfectly well.

对于 g1 ,因为( u int32_t 没有小于 int 的等级,不进行升级,最后一个项目符号(11.5.5 )适用。两个操作数都转换为无符号类型,在 a 的情况下会导致下溢,产生大于9的值。因此 g1 返回 1 true )。

For g1, because (u)int32_t does not have a rank less than that of int, no promotion occurs, and the very last bullet point (11.5.5) applies. Both operands are converted to the unsigned type, which - in a's case - causes an underflow, producing a value much greater than 9. Hence g1 returned 1 (true).

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