部分模板专业化仅限于某些类型 [英] Partial Template Specialization restricted to certain types

问题描述

是否可以编写一个只用于类类型的部分模板特化，例如从一个特定的类继承，或者符合一些可以通过类型traits表达的其他约束？
ie，像这样：

is it possible to write a partial template specialization that is used only for class types that, for example, inherit from a specific class or comply with some other constraint that can be expressed via type traits? i.e., something like this:

class A{}

class B : public A{}

template<typename T>
class X{
    int foo(){ return 4; }
};

//Insert some magic that allows this partial specialization
//only for classes which are a subtype of A
template<typename T> 
class X<T>{
    int foo(){ return 5; }
};

int main(){
    X<int> x;
    x.foo(); //Returns 4
    X<A> y;
    y.foo(); //Returns 5
    X<B> z;
    z.foo(); //Returns 5
    X<A*> x2; 
    x2.foo(); //Returns 4
}

推荐答案

您需要提供一个额外的参数，然后使用enable_if：

Usually if you want conditional partial template specialization, you'll need to provide an extra parameter, and then use enable_if:

template<typename T, typename=void>
class X {
public:
    int foo(){ return 4; }
};

template<typename T>
class X<T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<A, T>::value>::type> {
public:
    int foo(){ return 5; }
};

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