使用cmake构建可执行文件和共享库，runtimelinker没有找到dll [英] Building of executable and shared library with cmake, runtimelinker does not find dll

问题描述

我正在使用gcc（cygwin），gnu make，windows 7和cmake。

我的cmake testprojekt具有以下结构

  rootdir 
 |  -  App 
 | |  -  app.cpp 
 | +  -  CMakeLists.txt 
 |  -  Lib 
 | |  -  lib.cpp 
 | |  -  CMakeLists.txt 
 |  -  MakeFileProject 
 + CMakeLists.txt 
  

rootdir / App / app.cpp：

 ＃include< string& 
 void printThemMessageToScreen（std :: string input）; // prototype 
 int main（int argc，char ** argv）{
 printThemMessageToScreen（this will be displayed by lib）; 
 return 0; 
} 
  

rootdir / Lib / lib.cpp：

 ＃include< iostream> 
＃include< string> 
 
 void printThemMessageToScreen（std :: string input）{
 std :: cout<< 
} 
  

rootdir / CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required（VERSION 2.6）
project（TestProject）

add_subdirectory（App）
add_subdirectory（Lib）


rootdir / Lib / CMakeLists.txt：

  add_library（Lib SHARED lib.cpp）
  

rootdir / App / CMakeLists .txt：

 ＃确保编译器可以从我们的Lib库中找到包含文件。 
 include_directories（$ {LIB_SOURCE_DIR} / Lib）
 
＃确保链接器在构建之后可以找到Lib库。 
 link_directories（$ {LIB_BINARY_DIR} / Lib）
 
＃添加从源文件构建的可执行程序TestProjectExecutable
 add_executable（TestProjectExecutable app.cpp）
 
＃将可执行文件链接到lib库。 
 target_link_libraries（TestProjectExecutable Lib）
  

现在，当我运行cmake和make时，生成&构建没有错误，但当我尝试执行二进制，它将失败，因为生成的库无法找到。

但是，当我将lib dll复制到相同的目录，像应用程序exe，它会被执行！

也：如果我将库配置为静态，它也将执行。

如何告诉运行时连接器在哪里查找我的dll？

UPDATE：

根据用户Vorren提出的方法的解决方案：

我打开了注册表编辑器，并导航到以下项：

  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ Windows \CurrentVersion \App路径
  

，这里我创建了一个名为my Applikation ：

在这种情况下：（TestProjectExecutable.exe

TestProjectExecutable.exe的完整路径，包括文件名和扩展名。然后我创建了另一个字符串值称为路径，并将值设置到dll所在的文件夹：

解决方案

编译器，但使用Windows搜索DLL的方式。

操作系统将使用以下算法来定位所需的DLL：

查找：

1. 应用程序专用路径注册表项中列出的目录;


2. 当前进程的可执行模块所在的目录;


3. 当前目录;


4. Windows系统目录;


5. Windows目录;


6. PATH环境变量中列出的目录;

因此，如果你不想将操作系统目录与你的应用程序特定的dll杂乱，你有两个合理的选择：

1. 创建应用专用的路径注册表项（我会使用此选项）;


2. 将DLL放在与EXE相同的文件夹中;


3. 修改PATH变量（但为什么要这样做，如果您可以使用选项1？）;

I am working with gcc(cygwin), gnu make, windows 7 and cmake.

my cmake testprojekt has the following structure

rootdir
|-- App
|   |-- app.cpp
|   +-- CMakeLists.txt
|-- Lib
|   |-- lib.cpp
|   |-- CMakeLists.txt
|-- MakeFileProject
+ CMakeLists.txt

rootdir/App/app.cpp:

#include<string>
void printThemMessageToScreen(std::string input);//prototype
int main(int argc,char **argv){
 printThemMessageToScreen("this will be displayed by our lib");
 return 0;
}

rootdir/Lib/lib.cpp:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

void printThemMessageToScreen(std::string input){
 std::cout<<input;
}

rootdir/CMakeLists.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
project(TestProject)

add_subdirectory(App)
add_subdirectory(Lib)

rootdir/Lib/CMakeLists.txt:

add_library(Lib SHARED lib.cpp)

rootdir/App/CMakeLists.txt:

# Make sure the compiler can find include files from our Lib library. 
include_directories (${LIB_SOURCE_DIR}/Lib) 

# Make sure the linker can find the Lib library once it is built. 
link_directories (${LIB_BINARY_DIR}/Lib) 

# Add executable called "TestProjectExecutable" that is built from the source files 
add_executable (TestProjectExecutable app.cpp) 

# Link the executable to the lib library. 
target_link_libraries (TestProjectExecutable Lib) 

Now, when i run cmake and make, everything will get generated & built with no errors, but when i try to execute the binary, it will fail because the library which was generated could not be found.

BUT: when i copy the lib dll into the same directory like the app exe, it will get executed!

also: if i configure the library to be static, it will also execute.

how to tell the runtime linker where to look for my dll?

UPDATE:

Solution according to the Method proposed by User Vorren:

I opened up the registry editor, and navigated to the following Key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths

, here i created a new key with the name of my Applikation:

in this case : TestProjectExecutable.exe

after that, the (default) value was set to the full path of TestProjectExecutable.exe including the filename and extension. Then i created another String Value called "Path" and set the value to the folder where the dll was located:

解决方案

Your problem lies not with linker or compiler, but with the way Windows searches for DLL's.

The OS will use the following algorithm to locate the required DLL's:

Look in:

1. The directories listed in the Application-specific Path registry key;
2. The directory where the executable module for the current process is located;
3. The current directory;
4. The Windows system directory;
5. The Windows directory;
6. The directories listed in the PATH environment variable;

Thus you have two reasonable options if you don't want to clutter the OS directories with your app-specific dll:

1. Create an app-specific Path registry entry (I would go with this option);
2. Put your DLL in the same folder as your EXE;
3. Modify the PATH variable (but why would you do that, if you can go with option 1?);

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