如何在传递右值引用函数参数时从原始类型变量中复制 [英] How to copy from primitive type variables when passing through rvalue reference function arguments

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问题描述

我可以通过复制构造函数从非原始类型变量中复制,并将其传递通过右值引用函数参数。



但是如何使用原始类型变量?



例如:

  #include< cassert> 
#include< iostream>
struct MyClass
{
int m = 0;
};
MyClass& f(MyClass& x)
{
x.m ++;
return x;
}
inline MyClass f(MyClass&& x)
{
return f(x);
}
int& f(int& x)
{
x ++;
return x;
}
inline int f(int& x)
{
return f(x);
}
int main()
{
MyClass x1;
auto y1 = f(MyClass(x1)); //调用f(MyClass&&)
//结果:x1.m = 0,y1.m = 1

int x2 = 0;
auto y2 = f(int(x2)); //调用f(int&)
//结果:x2 = 1,y2 = 1

std :: cout< x1.m < x2; // Result in VS2013:'01'but'00'in gcc and clang!
assert(x1.m == x2); //失败在VS2013!
return 0;
}

Visual Studio 2013中的结果为01,断言失败。 p>

http://rextester.com/CAPY87169

解决方案

您的代码是正确的,这似乎是VS2013中的一个错误。



更简单的MCVE:

  #include< iostream> 

void f(int& x){std :: cout< f(lv)\\\
; }
void f(int&& x){std :: cout<< f(rv)\\\
; }

int main()
{
int x2 = 0;
f(int(x2));
f((int)x2);
}

输出应为:

  f(rv)
f(rv)

MSVC在线测试人员



请注意,进一步的测试显示该错误真的是MSVC将(int)x2 视为一个左值;它不是MSVC的扩展的错误,允许右值绑定到左值引用(因为右值引用是一个更好的匹配)。



您可以通过使用 / Za 开关。






表达式 int(x2)由C ++ 14 [expr.type.conv] / 2(C ++ 11具有相同的编号)覆盖:


一个简单类型说明符(7.1.6.2)或 typename-specifier(14.6)后跟括号 expression-list 构造给定表达式列表的指定类型的值。如果表达式列表是单个表达式,则类型转换表达式与相应的强制转换表达式(5.4)是等效的(在定义中,如果定义的话)。


对应的转换表达式为:


表达式(T)cast-expression的结果是类型T.如果T是一个左值引用类型或一个右值引用的函数类型和一个xvalue如果T是对象类型的右值引用,结果是一个左值; 否则结果为prvalue



I can copy from a non-primitive type variable by copy constructor and pass it through rvalue reference function argument.

But how can do this with primitive type variables?

for example:

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
struct MyClass
{
   int m = 0;
};
MyClass& f(MyClass& x)
{
   x.m++;
   return x;
}
inline MyClass f(MyClass&& x)
{
   return f(x);
}
int& f(int& x)
{
   x++;
   return x;
}
inline int f(int&& x)
{
   return f(x);
}
int main()
{
   MyClass x1;
   auto y1 = f(MyClass(x1)); // Calls f(MyClass&&)
   // Result: x1.m = 0, y1.m = 1

   int x2 = 0;
   auto y2 = f(int(x2)); // Calls f(int&)
   // Result: x2 = 1, y2 = 1

   std::cout << x1.m << x2; // Result in VS2013: '01' But '00' in gcc and clang!
   assert(x1.m == x2); // FAILED in VS2013!!!
   return 0;
}

The result in Visual Studio 2013 is '01' with assertion failed.

http://rextester.com/CAPY87169

解决方案

Your code is correct and this seems to be a bug in VS2013.

Simpler MCVE:

#include <iostream>

void f(int& x)  { std::cout << "f(lv)\n"; }
void f(int&& x) { std::cout << "f(rv)\n"; }

int main()
{
   int x2 = 0;
   f( int(x2) );
   f( (int)x2 );
}

Output should be:

f(rv)
f(rv)

MSVC online tester

Note that further testing shows that the bug is really that (int)x2 is treated as an lvalue by MSVC; it's not a bug with MSVC's extension to allow rvalues to bind to lvalue references (since the rvalue reference is a better match anyway).

You may be able to fix this by using the /Za switch.


The expression int(x2) is covered by C++14 [expr.type.conv]/2 (C++11 has the same numbering):

A simple-type-specifier (7.1.6.2) or typename-specifier (14.6) followed by a parenthesized expression-list constructs a value of the specified type given the expression list. If the expression list is a single expression, the type conversion expression is equivalent (in definedness, and if defined in meaning) to the corresponding cast expression (5.4).

The corresponding cast expression is:

The result of the expression (T) cast-expression is of type T. The result is an lvalue if T is an lvalue reference type or an rvalue reference to function type and an xvalue if T is an rvalue reference to object type; otherwise the result is a prvalue.

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