处理历史日历日期 [英] Handling historical calendar dates
问题描述
有什么标准和策略来处理旧日历表中描述的历史日期？
当前的 Gregorian 日历，具有不同长度的月份，闰年等，可以使用内置的编程语言库或数据格式（如 ISO8601 ， RFC3339 和RDF的 OWL-Time 本体。早期的表示形式，例如 Julian 日历，宗教日历， regnal年（例如 6月13日查理二世）及其变化似乎不太适合。
$ b $我特别感兴趣的是在不同的日历中解析和存储组合系谱日期和当代数据。是否有任何RDF本体覆盖不同日历中的日期？ OWL-Time似乎不覆盖日历。
您需要什么取决于您的工作。我认为你会很好地存储日期在一个简单的统一格式，如R.D.（rata die或RD）格式在'Calendrical Calculations，3rd Edn'（由StarBlue引用）。但是，我还认为您应该保留原始文本作为起点的记录，以便可以根据请求验证RD的翻译。
例如，如果你回到足够的时间，英国的新年（至少为某些目的）不是1月1日，而是3月25日（女士节）。例如，在中世纪的早期，你可能会发现，我们目前计算的1167年2月14日将被当时记录日期的那些人当作1166年2月14日。 1752年9月（在英国及其殖民地）的朱利安和公历日历之间的变化的一个有趣的副作用是，这一年的时间缩短了12天。 353天而不是365天的税收计算将是可怕的，所以税务年度的结束更改为目前的4月6日 - 尽管日历更改，年度仍然365天。 （OK;技术上，这是知情的投机，这是一个合理的理由为什么英国结束其税收年度4月6日，虽然。）
6月13日查尔斯二世，你需要知道输入是以regnal格式，那天是3，六月（不太难），和第二十三年的查理二世统治年（1630-05- 29至1685-02-06;成为国王从1649-01-30，但没有加冠，直到1661-04-23;从1660年起，文件的日期，如果他自1649年以来;看到 Wikipedia 了解更多信息）。所以，大概，推荐的日期是儒略历的1662年6月13日（因为英国直到1752年才切换到公历）。
What standards and strategies are there for handling historic dates described in older calendar form?
The contemporary Gregorian calendar, with different length months, leap years, etc. is relatively easily handled with built-in programming language libraries, or data formats such as ISO8601, RFC3339 and RDF's OWL-Time ontology. Earlier representations such as the Julian calendar, religious calendars, regnal years (e.g. Third June 13 Charles II) and variations thereof do not seem as well catered for.
I am particularly interested in the parsing and storage of historial genealogical dates in different calendars alongside contemporary data. Are there any RDF ontologies covering dates within different calendars? OWL-Time does not appear to cover calendars.
What you need will depend somewhat on what you are after. I think you would do well to store the dates in a simple uniform format like the R.D. (rata die or RD) format in 'Calendrical Calculations, 3rd Edn' (cited by StarBlue). However, I also think you should keep the original text available as a record of what the starting point was, so that the translation to RD can be verified on request.
As a for instance, if you go far enough back in time, the New Year in England (at least for some purposes) was not 1st January but 25th March (Lady Day). In the earlier part of the Middle Ages, for instance, you might find that what we would currently calculate as 14th February 1167 would be treated as 14th February 1166 by those who recorded dates at the time. One interesting side effect of the change between the Julian and Gregorian calendars in September 1752 (in the UK and its colonies) was that the year was 12 days shorter. The tax calculations for 353 days instead of 365 would have been awful, so the end of the tax year was changed to its current 6th April - so that the year remained 365 days despite the change in calendar. (OK; technically, that is informed speculation. It is a plausible reason for why the UK ends its tax year on 6th April, though.)
So, to deal with 'Third June 13 Charles II', you need to know that the input is in the regnal format, that the day was 3, the month June (not too hard), and the year the 13th of Charles II's reign (1630-05-29 to 1685-02-06; became king from 1649-01-30, but was not crowned until 1661-04-23; from 1660 onwards, documents were dated as if he had reigned since 1649; see Wikipedia for more information). So, presumably, the date referred to is 1662-06-13 of the Julian calendar (since England did not switch to the Gregorian calendar until 1752).
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