处理历史日历日期 [英] Handling historical calendar dates
问题描述
当代 Gregorian 日历，具有不同长度的月份，闰年等可以通过内置的编程语言库或数据格式相对容易地处理例如 ISO8601 ， RFC3339 和RDF的 OWL-time 本体论。诸如 Julian 日历，宗教日历， regnal年份（例如，6月13日13日Charles II ）及其变体看起来不太适合。 / p>
我特别感兴趣的是在不同的日历中与历史数据一起解析和存储历史谱系。是否有RDF本体涵盖日期在不同的日历？ OWL-Time似乎没有覆盖日历。
您需要的将取决于您之后的内容。我认为你可以用简单的统一格式来保存日期，例如Calendrical Calculations，3rd Edn（StarBlue引用）中的R.D.（rata die or RD）格式。但是，我也认为你应该保留原始文本作为起始点的记录，以便RD的翻译可以根据要求进行验证。
As例如，如果你足够回到时间，英国的新年（至少在某些目的）不是1月1日，3月25日（女士节）。例如，在中世纪较早的部分，您可能会发现，我们目前计算在1167年2月14日将被视为当时记录日期的人1166年2月14日。 1752年9月（英国及其殖民地）朱利安和格里高利日历之间变化的一个有趣的副作用是，这一年比较短了12天。 353天而不是365天的税收计算将是非常糟糕的，所以税收年度的结束已经改为目前的6月6日 - 所以尽管日历有变化，但仍有365天。 （OK，从技术上讲，这是有道理的猜测，但是为什么英国为何在4月6日结束税收年度是一个合理的原因。）
所以，处理查尔斯二世6月13日，你需要知道输入的格式是特殊格式，那天是3月，6月份（不太难），而且是查尔斯二世第十三年统治时期（1630-05- 29日至1685-02-06; 1649-01-30成为国王，但直到1661-04-23，并没有被加冕;从1660年起，文件的日期好像自1649年以来统治，见维基百科了解更多信息）。所以，大概是所提到的日期是朱利安日历的1662-06-13（因为英格兰直到1752年才转向公历）。
What standards and strategies are there for handling historic dates described in older calendar form?
The contemporary Gregorian calendar, with different length months, leap years, etc. is relatively easily handled with built-in programming language libraries, or data formats such as ISO8601, RFC3339 and RDF's OWL-Time ontology. Earlier representations such as the Julian calendar, religious calendars, regnal years (e.g. Third June 13 Charles II) and variations thereof do not seem as well catered for.
I am particularly interested in the parsing and storage of historial genealogical dates in different calendars alongside contemporary data. Are there any RDF ontologies covering dates within different calendars? OWL-Time does not appear to cover calendars.
What you need will depend somewhat on what you are after. I think you would do well to store the dates in a simple uniform format like the R.D. (rata die or RD) format in 'Calendrical Calculations, 3rd Edn' (cited by StarBlue). However, I also think you should keep the original text available as a record of what the starting point was, so that the translation to RD can be verified on request.
As a for instance, if you go far enough back in time, the New Year in England (at least for some purposes) was not 1st January but 25th March (Lady Day). In the earlier part of the Middle Ages, for instance, you might find that what we would currently calculate as 14th February 1167 would be treated as 14th February 1166 by those who recorded dates at the time. One interesting side effect of the change between the Julian and Gregorian calendars in September 1752 (in the UK and its colonies) was that the year was 12 days shorter. The tax calculations for 353 days instead of 365 would have been awful, so the end of the tax year was changed to its current 6th April - so that the year remained 365 days despite the change in calendar. (OK; technically, that is informed speculation. It is a plausible reason for why the UK ends its tax year on 6th April, though.)
So, to deal with 'Third June 13 Charles II', you need to know that the input is in the regnal format, that the day was 3, the month June (not too hard), and the year the 13th of Charles II's reign (1630-05-29 to 1685-02-06; became king from 1649-01-30, but was not crowned until 1661-04-23; from 1660 onwards, documents were dated as if he had reigned since 1649; see Wikipedia for more information). So, presumably, the date referred to is 1662-06-13 of the Julian calendar (since England did not switch to the Gregorian calendar until 1752).
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