当密码包含特殊字符时写入连接字符串 [英] Writing a connection string when password contains special characters

问题描述

我使用SQLalchemy作为一个Python项目，我想有一个整洁的连接字符串来访问我的数据库。例如：

I'm using SQLalchemy for a Python project, and I want to have a tidy connection string to access my database. So for example:

engine = create_engine('postgres://user:pass@host/database')

问题是我的密码包含一系列特殊字符，当我尝试连接时，会解释为分隔符。

The problem is my password contains a sequence of special characters that get interpreted as delimiters when I try to connect.

我意识到我可以创建一个对象，然后传递我的凭据：

I realize I could just create an object and then pass my credentials like this:

drivername  = 'postgres',
username    = 'user', 
password    = 'pass', 
host        = 'host',
database    = 'database'

但我更愿意使用连接字符串。

But I'd much rather use a connection string if this is possible.

所以要清楚，是否可以编码我的连接字符串或连接字符串的密码部分，以便它可以正确解析？

So to be clear, is it possible to encode my connection string, or the password part of the connection string - so that it can be properly parsed?

推荐答案

反斜杠不是URL组件字符串的有效转义字符。您需要对连接字符串的密码部分进行URL编码：

Backslashes aren't valid escape characters for URL component strings. You need to URL-encode the password portion of the connect string:

from urllib import quote_plus as urlquote
from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine
engine = create_engine('postgres://user:%s@host/database' % urlquote('badpass'))

如果你看一下在SQLAlchemy中使用的类的实现来表示数据库连接URL（在 sqlalchemy / engine / url.py ），您可以看到，当将URL实例转换为字符串时，它们使用相同的方法来转义密码，并且解析代码使用互补的 urllib.unquote_plus 函数从连接字符串中提取密码。

If you look at the implementation of the class used in SQLAlchemy to represent database connection URLs (in sqlalchemy/engine/url.py), you can see that they use the same method to escape passwords when converting the URL instances into strings, and that the parsing code uses the complementary urllib.unquote_plus function to extract the password from a connection string.

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