在Windows下使用任何语言环境的工作日 [英] Using weekdays with any locale under Windows

问题描述

我想获得一周中的某一天，让它在任何地区都能持续运作。在包含拉丁字母的语言环境中，一切都很好。

  Sys.getlocale（）
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_CTYPE = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_MONETARY = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = English_United Kingdom.1252
 weekdays（Sys.Date（））
 ## [ 1]星期二
  

我有两个与其他语言环境相关的问题。

如果我设置

  Sys.setlocale（LC_ALL，Arabic_Qatar）
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_CTYPE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_MONETARY = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = Arabic_Qatar.1256
  

那么我有时（正确）得到

 工作日（））
 ## [1]الثلاثاء
  

 工作日（Sys.Date（））
 ## [1]
  
 
 
 
取决于我的设置问题是，我不知道是什么导致了差异。
 
 
 
我认为这可能与 getOption（encoding）有关，但我已经尝试显式设置 options =native.enc）和选项（encoding =UTF-8），没有什么区别。
 
 
 
我试过几个最新版本的R，并且所有的问题都是一致的。
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 我应该设置什么来确保工作日总是正确显示？  
 
 
 
了解平日（Sys.Date（）） 格式（as.POSIXlt（Sys.Date（）），％A），它调用内部 format.POSIXlt 方法。
 
 
 
其次，似乎过分的改变所有的语言环境。我以为我应该只能设置时间选项。但是，如果我设置语言环境的各个组件， weekdays 会返回一个问号字符串。
  for（c（LC_TIME，LC_CTYPE，LC_COLLATE，LC_MONETARY）中的类别）
 {
 Sys.setlocale（category，Arabic_Qatar）
 print（Sys.getlocale（））
 print（weekdays（Sys.Date（）））
} 
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_CTYPE = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_MONETARY = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = Arabic_Qatar.1256
 ## [1] 
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_CTYPE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_MONETARY = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = Arabic_Qatar.1256
 ## [1]  
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_CTYPE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_MONETARY = English_United Kingdom.1252; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = Arabic_Qatar.1256
 ## [1]  
 ## [1]LC_COLLATE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_CTYPE = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_MONETARY = Arabic_Qatar.1256; LC_NUMERIC = C; LC_TIME = Arabic_Qatar.1256
 ## [1]  
  
 区域设置的哪些部分会影响工作日的打印方式？ p> 
 
 
 
 
 
更新：问题似乎与Windows相关。当我在具有locale ar_QA.UTF8的Linux盒子上运行代码时，正确显示工作日。
 
 
 
 
 
 
进一步更新：在他的答案中提到的agstudy，在Windows下设置区域设置是奇怪的，因为你不能只使用像en-GB的ISO代码。对于Windows 7 / Vista / Server 2003 / XP，您可以使用 setlocale语言字符串或国家语言支持值。对于Qatari阿拉伯语，没有setlocale语言字符串，因此我们必须使用NLS值。我们有几个选择：
  Sys.setlocale（LC_TIME，ARQ）＃语言缩写名称
对应于语言/国家对Arabic（Qatar）的Sys.setlocale（LC_TIME，Arabic_Qatar）＃
显式包含ANSI代码页的Sys.setlocale（LC_TIME，Arabic_Qatar.1256）＃ 
 Sys.setlocale（LC_TIME，Arabic）＃有时也是一种可能性，但默认为沙特阿拉伯语
  
所以问题不是R不能支持Windows下的阿拉伯语语言环境（虽然我不完全相信 Sys.setlocale ）。
 
 
 
 
 
 
绝望的最后一次尝试：试图通过使用Windows Management Instrumentation Command更改操作系统区域设置不工作，因为R似乎没有识别更改。
 系统（wmic os set locale = MS_4001 ）
 ##更新'\\PC402729\ROOT\CIMV2：Win32_OperatingSystem = @'
 ##的属性更新成功。 
 system（wmic os get locale）＃和之前一样
  
 
 
解决方案
命名语言环境的系统是特定于操作系统的。我们建议您阅读地方语言 
 
 
 
在Windows下：
 
 
 
支持的语言列表是列出的 MSDN语言字符串。令人惊讶的是，那里没有阿拉伯语。 语言字符串列包含在R 中设置区域设置的合法输入，甚至在列表中 contry / regions字符串没有国家阿拉伯语。 
 
 
 
当然，您可以更改区域设置的全局设置（面板设置 - >区域 - > ..），但这将改变它的全局，正确的输出没有编码问题。
 
 
 
在linux下（ubuntu在我的情况下）：
 
 
 
默认情况下支持，但可以使用 locale 轻松设置它。
  locale -a ##列出所有已经支持的语言
 sudo locale-gen ar_QA.UTF-8 ##安装它以防不存在
  
现在：
  Sys.setlocale（'LC_TIME'，'ar_QA .UTF-8'）
 [1]ar_QA.UTF-8
 
>格式（Sys.Date（），'％​​A'）
 [1]الثلاثاء
  
还要注意，在R控制台下，打印不像R studio那么漂亮，因为它是从从左到右而不是从从右到左写的。
 
I'm trying to get the day of the week, and have it work consistently in any locale.  In locales with Latin alphabets, everything is fine.
Sys.getlocale()
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252"
weekdays(Sys.Date())
## [1] "Tuesday"
I have two related problems with other locales.

If I set 
Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "Arabic_Qatar")
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_CTYPE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_MONETARY=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=Arabic_Qatar.1256"
then I sometimes (correctly) get
weekdays(Sys.Date())
## [1] "الثلاثاء
and sometimes get
weekdays(Sys.Date())
## [1] "ÇáËáÇËÇÁ"
depending upon my setup.  The problem is, I can't figure out what is causing the difference.

I thought it might be something to do with getOption("encoding"), but I've tried explicitly setting options(encoding = "native.enc") and options(encoding = "UTF-8") and it makes no difference.

I've tried several recent versions of R, and the problem is consistent across all of them.

At the moment, the string displays correctly in R GUI, but incorrectly when I use an IDE (Architect and RStudio tested).

What should I set to ensure that weekdays always displays correctly?

It may be helpful to know that weekdays(Sys.Date()) is equivalent to format(as.POSIXlt(Sys.Date()), "%A"), which calls an internal format.POSIXlt method.

Secondly, it seems overkill to change all of the locale.  I thought I should just be able to set the time options.  However, if I set individual components of the locale, weekdays returns a string of question marks.
for(category in c("LC_TIME", "LC_CTYPE", "LC_COLLATE", "LC_MONETARY"))
{
  Sys.setlocale(category, "Arabic_Qatar")
  print(Sys.getlocale())
  print(weekdays(Sys.Date()))
}
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=Arabic_Qatar.1256"
## [1] "????????"
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_CTYPE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=Arabic_Qatar.1256"
## [1] "????????"
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_CTYPE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=Arabic_Qatar.1256"
## [1] "????????"
## [1] "LC_COLLATE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_CTYPE=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_MONETARY=Arabic_Qatar.1256;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=Arabic_Qatar.1256"
## [1] "????????"
What parts of the locale affect how the weekdays are printed?



Update: The problem seems to be Windows-related.  When I run the code on a Linux box with locale "ar_QA.UTF8", the weekdays are correctly displayed.



Further update: As agstudy mentioned in his answer, setting locales under Windows is odd, since you can't just use ISO codes like "en-GB".  For Windows 7/Vista/Server 2003/XP you can set a locale using setlocale language strings or National Language Support values.  For Qatari Arabic, there is no setlocale language string, so we must use an NLS value.  We have several choices:
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "ARQ")    # the language abbreviation name
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "Arabic_Qatar") # corresponding to the language/country pair "Arabic (Qatar)"
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "Arabic_Qatar.1256") # explicitly including the ANSI codepage
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "Arabic") # would sometimes be a possibility too, but it defaults to Saudi Arabic
So the problem isn't that R cannot support Arabic locales under Windows (though I'm not entirely convinced of the robustness of Sys.setlocale).



Desperate last ditch attempt: Trying to magically fix things by using Windows Management Instrumentation Command to change the OS locale doesn't work, since R doesn't appear to recognise the changes.
system("wmic os set locale=MS_4001") 
## Updating property(s) of '\\PC402729\ROOT\CIMV2:Win32_OperatingSystem=@'
## Property(s) update successful.
system("wmic os get locale") # same as before

解决方案
The system of naming locales is OS-specific. I recommend you to read the locales from R Installation and Administration manual for a complete explanation.

under windows :

The list of supported language is listed MSDN Language Strings. And surprisingly there is not Arabic language there. The "Language string" column contains the legal input for setting locale in R and even in the list contry /regions strings there no country spoken arabic there. 

Of course you can change your locale global settings( panel setting --> region --> ..) but this will change it globally and it is not sure to get the right output without encoding problem.

under linux(ubuntu in my case):

Arabic is generally not supported by default, but is easy to set it using locale.
 locale -a                     ## to list all already supported language
 sudo locale-gen ar_QA.UTF-8   ## install it in case does not exist
under RStudio now :
 Sys.setlocale('LC_TIME','ar_QA.UTF-8')
[1] "ar_QA.UTF-8"

> format(Sys.Date(),'%A')
[1] "الثلاثاء
Note also that under R console the printing is not as pretty as in R studio because it is written from left to right not from right to left.

                        
这篇关于在Windows下使用任何语言环境的工作日的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！