什么时候最好在Python中使用类？ [英] When is it best to use a class in Python?

问题描述

$ p
$ b

例如，在下面的代码中：

 ＃使用类
 class Monster（object）：
 def __init __（self，level，damage，duration） ：
 print self 
 self.level = level 
 self.damage = damage 
 self.duration = duration 
 
 def fight（self）：
 print self 
 print怪物的水平是，self.level 
 print怪物的伤害是，self.damage 
 print攻击持续时间是，self.duration 
 
 def sleep（self）：
 print怪物累了，决定休息。 
 
x = Monster（1，2，3）
y = Monster（2，3，4）
 x.fight（）
 y.fight $ b y.sleep（）
 
＃使用函数
 def fight_func（level，damage，duration）：
 print怪物的水平是 b打印怪物的伤害是，伤害
 print攻击持续时间，持续时间
 
 fight_func（1，2，3）
 fight_func ）
  

纯函数版本似乎更干净，给出相同的结果。

是您可以创建的类的主要值，并调用对象上的多个方法，例如战斗或睡觉？

解决方案

在一个更完整的例子中，战斗不只是显示当前状态 - 它也会修改那个状态。你的怪物可能会受伤，这将改变它的生命值和士气。这个状态必须存储在某个地方。如果你使用类，那么添加实例变量来存储这个状态是很自然的。

只使用函数，更难找到一个好的地方来存储状态。

I'm new to python and programming in general, so would really appreciate any clarification on this point.

For example, in the following code:

    #Using a class
class Monster(object): 
    def __init__(self, level, damage, duration): 
        print self
        self.level = level
        self.damage = damage
        self.duration = duration

    def fight(self):
        print self 
        print "The monster's level is ", self.level
        print "The monster's damage is ", self.damage
        print "The attack duration is ", self.duration

    def sleep(self): 
        print "The monster is tired and decides to rest."

x = Monster(1, 2, 3)
y = Monster(2, 3, 4)
x.fight()
y.fight()
    y.sleep() 

   #just using a function
def fight_func(level, damage, duration):
    print "The monster's level is ", level
    print "The monster's damage is ", damage
    print "The attack duration is ", duration

fight_func(1, 2, 3)
fight_func(5,3,4)

The pure function version seems cleaner and gives the same result.

Is the primary value of classes that you can create and call a number of methods on an object, e.g. fight or sleep?

解决方案

Your example is rather simplified.

In a more complete example fighting wouldn't just display the current state - it would also modify that state. Your monster might get hurt and that would change its hit points and morale. This state has to be stored somewhere. If you use a class it would be natural to add instance variables to store this state.

Using only functions it would be more difficult to find a good place to store the state.

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