云计算和分布式计算之间的区别？ [英] Difference between cloud computing and distributed computing?

问题描述

我想知道关于云计算和分布式计算的差异。我读了一篇关于云计算的文章，感觉云计算和分布式计算之间有某种关系，所以想问一下技术之间的区别。

I wanted to know about the difference about cloud computing and distributed computing. I read an article about cloud computing and got a feeling that somewhere there is a relation between cloud computing and distributed computing and so wanted to ask about difference between technologies.

此外，如果有人可以指出我有用的云计算资源，那将是非常感激。

Also if someone could point me to useful resources for cloud computing, it would be highly appreciated.

感谢

推荐答案

基于云的服务和软件的底层计算资源（存储，处理器，RAM，负载平衡器等）完全从软件/服务的消费者抽象化。这意味着基于云的资源的供应商负责计算环境的性能/可靠性/可扩展性。

In my mind what defines cloud computing is that the underlying compute resources (storage, processors, RAM, load balancers, etc) of cloud-based services and software are entirely abstracted from the consumer of the software / services. This means that the vendor of cloud based resources is taking responsibility for the performance / reliability / scalability of the computing environment.

从应用程序开发人员的角度来看，这可以是一个巨大的优势，因为采购，维护，调整，监控和扩展硬件以满足增长的需求既困难又昂贵。

From an application developers point of view, this can be a tremendous advantage, as procuring, maintaining, tuning, monitoring and scaling hardware to meet the demands of growth is both difficult and expensive.

对于较小的ISV，云计算提供原型，测试和部署软件的能力，无需任何资本支出。

For smaller ISV's, cloud computing offers the ability to prototype, test and deploy software without any capital expense.

对于更大的应用程序，益处通常是无限的可扩展性，相当于IT /应用程序托管责任的外包，以及即时访问新的服务器/存储/任何需求。通常，云提供商将提供冗余，可靠性甚至安全等级，但是最大的内部IT商店无法实现这一切的成本。

For larger applications, the benefit is generally unlimited scalability and what amounts to the outsourcing of IT / application hosting responsibilities, as well as instant access to new servers / storage / whatever on demand. Often cloud providers will offer levels of redundancy, reliability and even security all but the largest in-house IT shops could never achieve for the sheer cost of it all.

应用程序开发人员的缺点是失去控制。不仅是硬件外部托管在云环境中，而且是抽象的，所以如果你的应用程序需要直接控制硬件，你就会失去运气。您需要相信云提供商。他们都提供99.9％的重复时间和SLA，但我怀疑这些统计实际上实现。但你必须问自己，我能做得更好吗？答案通常是没有。但控制硬件不是控制失去的唯一地方 - 与基于云的系统的集成也可能比在内部或自我管理软件更难以明显的原因。然而，在我看来，这个路障正在蒸发，因为新技术和稳健的API消除了在LAN / WAN之外运行应用程序时产生的许多集成困难。

The main disadvantage to application developers is loss of control. Not only is the hardware externally hosted in a cloud environment, but abstracted, so if your application needs direct control over hardware, you're out of luck. And you need to trust the cloud provider. They all offer 99.9% repeating up time and SLA's, but I doubt those stats are actually realized. But you have to ask yourself, could I do better? The answer is often no. But control of hardware isn't the only place control is lost - integration with cloud based systems can also be more difficult than on premise or self-managed software for obvious reasons. However, it seems to me that this roadblock is evaporating as new technologies and robust API's eliminate many integration difficulties created when running applications outside the LAN/WAN.

另一个缺点是性能。在本地LAN上运行应用程序可能会为本地用户提供比从云运行更快的体验。但是，如果您的受众群体是分布式的，那么该受益可能只适用于您的应用程序受众群体的一小部分。

Another disadvantage can be performance. Running an application on your local LAN will probably provide a somewhat snappier experience to local users than running from the cloud. But if your audience is distributed, that benefit may only apply to a subset of your application's audience.

分布式计算已经说了几次，在两个或多个计算机之间进行协调。根据定义，云计算是一种专用形式的分布式计算。

Distributed computing, as has been said already a few times, is just computing orchestrated between two or more computers. Cloud Computing is, by definition, distributed computing, but a specialized form.

这是一个很好的白皮书由David Chappell。这是一个微软赞助的论文，所以它是根据微软的云平台（Azure），但基本的原则是相当普遍的，而且David Chappell总是一个很容易阅读。

Here is a nice whitepaper by David Chappell. It is a Microsoft sponsored paper, so it is presented in terms of Microsoft's cloud platform (Azure) but the underlying principles are pretty universal, and David Chappell is always a pretty easy read.

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