使用ifort对cublas函数的未定义引用（cuBLAS Fortran Bindings） [英] Undefined references to cublas functions using ifort (cuBLAS Fortran Bindings)
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问题描述
我有一个从前一个问题提供的示例cuBLAS Fortran绑定例程此处。我运行的是Ubuntu 13.10，IFORT 14.0.1和Cuda 5.5。代码如下：
I have a sample cuBLAS Fortran binding routine provided from a previous question here. I'm running Ubuntu 13.10, IFORT 14.0.1, and Cuda 5.5. The code is below:
cublas.f
program cublas_fortran_example
implicit none
integer i, j
c helper functions
integer cublas_init
integer cublas_shutdown
integer cublas_alloc
integer cublas_free
integer cublas_set_vector
integer cublas_get_vector
c selected blas functions
double precision cublas_ddot
external cublas_daxpy
external cublas_dscal
external cublas_dcopy
double precision cublas_dnrm2
c cublas variables
integer cublas_status
real*8 x(30), y(30)
double precision alpha, beta
double precision nrm
integer*8 d_x, d_y, d_alpha, d_beta, d_nrm
integer*8 dsize1, dlength1, dlength2
double precision dresult
write(*,*) "testing cublas fortran example"
c initialize cublas library
c CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS=0
cublas_status = cublas_init()
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS Library initialization failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
c initialize data
do j=1,30
x(j) = 1.0
y(j) = 2.0
enddo
dsize1 = 8
dlength1 = 30
dlength2 = 1
alpha = 2.0
beta = 3.0
c allocate device storage
cublas_status = cublas_alloc(dlength1, dsize1, d_x)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS device malloc failed"
stop
endif
cublas_status = cublas_alloc(dlength1, dsize1, d_y)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS device malloc failed"
stop
endif
cublas_status = cublas_alloc(dlength2, dsize1, d_alpha)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS device malloc failed"
stop
endif
cublas_status = cublas_alloc(dlength2, dsize1, d_beta)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS device malloc failed"
stop
endif
cublas_status = cublas_alloc(dlength2, dsize1, d_nrm)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS device malloc failed"
stop
endif
c copy data from host to device
cublas_status = cublas_set_vector(dlength1, dsize1, x, dlength2,
> d_x, dlength2)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS copy to device failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
cublas_status = cublas_set_vector(dlength1, dsize1, y, dlength2,
> d_y, dlength2)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS copy to device failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
dresult = cublas_ddot(dlength1, d_x, dlength2, d_y, dlength2)
write(*,*) "dot product result=",dresult
dresult = cublas_dnrm2(dlength1, d_x, dlength2)
write(*,*) "nrm2 of x result=",dresult
dresult = cublas_dnrm2(dlength1, d_y, dlength2)
write(*,*) "nrm2 of y result=",dresult
call cublas_daxpy(dlength1, alpha, d_x, dlength2, d_y, dlength2)
cublas_status = cublas_get_vector(dlength1, dsize1, d_y, dlength2,
> y, dlength2)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS copy to host failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
write(*,*) "daxpy y(1) =", y(1)
write(*,*) "daxpy y(30) =", y(30)
call cublas_dscal(dlength1, beta, d_x, dlength2)
cublas_status = cublas_get_vector(dlength1, dsize1, d_x, dlength2,
> x, dlength2)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS copy to host failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
write(*,*) "dscal x(1) =", x(1)
write(*,*) "dscal x(30) =", x(30)
call cublas_dcopy(dlength1, d_x, dlength2, d_y, dlength2)
cublas_status = cublas_get_vector(dlength1, dsize1, d_y, dlength2,
> y, dlength2)
if (cublas_status /= 0) then
write(*,*) "CUBLAS copy to host failed"
write(*,*) "cublas_status=",cublas_status
stop
endif
write(*,*) "dcopy y(1) =", y(1)
write(*,*) "dcopy y(30) =", y(30)
c deallocate GPU memory and exit
cublas_status = cublas_free(d_x)
cublas_status = cublas_free(d_y)
cublas_status = cublas_free(d_alpha)
cublas_status = cublas_free(d_beta)
cublas_status = cublas_free(d_nrm)
cublas_status = cublas_shutdown()
stop
end
当我使用gfortran编译时，得到正确的输出如下所示：
When I compile using gfortran, I get the correct output as show below:
compile and run
compile and run
$gfortran -c -o cublasf.o cublasf.f
$nvcc -c -DCUBLAS_GFORTRAN -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/usr/local/cuda/src -o fortran.o /usr/local/cuda/src/fortran.c
$gfortran -o cublasf cublasf.o fortran.o -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcublas
$ ./cublasf
testing cublas fortran example
dot product result= 60.000000000000000
nrm2 of x result= 5.4772255750516612
nrm2 of y result= 10.954451150103322
daxpy y(1) = 4.0000000000000000
daxpy y(30) = 4.0000000000000000
dscal x(1) = 3.0000000000000000
dscal x(30) = 3.0000000000000000
dcopy y(1) = 3.0000000000000000
dcopy y(30) = 3.0000000000000000
但是，我需要使用Intel Fortran编译器与cuBLAS库，但是当我从gfortran切换到ifort时，我得到了各种未定义的引用，如下所示：
However, I need to use the Intel Fortran compiler with the cuBLAS library, but when I switch from gfortran to ifort, I get a variety of undefined references, as show below:
$ifort -c -o cublasf.o cublasf.f
$nvcc -c -DCUBLAS_INTEL_FORTRAN -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/usr/local/cuda/src -o fortran.o /usr/local/cuda/src/fortran.c
$ifort -o cublasf cublasf.o fortran.o -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcublas
cublasf.o: In function `MAIN__':
cublasf.f:(.text+0x8a): undefined reference to `cublas_init_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x1f5): undefined reference to `cublas_alloc_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x21c): undefined reference to `cublas_alloc_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x243): undefined reference to `cublas_alloc_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x26a): undefined reference to `cublas_alloc_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x291): undefined reference to `cublas_alloc_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x2c8): undefined reference to `cublas_set_vector_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x3d1): undefined reference to `cublas_set_vector_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x4d5): undefined reference to `cublas_ddot_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x56f): undefined reference to `cublas_dnrm2_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x609): undefined reference to `cublas_dnrm2_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x6b6): undefined reference to `cublas_daxpy_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x6e6): undefined reference to `cublas_get_vector_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x8c5): undefined reference to `cublas_dscal_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0x8f5): undefined reference to `cublas_get_vector_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xad7): undefined reference to `cublas_dcopy_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xb07): undefined reference to `cublas_get_vector_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xcce): undefined reference to `cublas_free_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xcdd): undefined reference to `cublas_free_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xcec): undefined reference to `cublas_free_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xcfb): undefined reference to `cublas_free_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xd0a): undefined reference to `cublas_free_'
cublasf.f:(.text+0xd11): undefined reference to `cublas_shutdown_'
我已经看到一些关于同一个问题，但没有真正的解决方案/解释的其他帖子。如果任何人可以解释为什么这些引用在使用ifort时未定义，而不是当使用gfortran时，以及解决问题的任何解决方案，我将非常感谢。非常感谢您！
I've seen some other posts regarding this same issue but with no real solution/explanation. If anyone could explain why these references are undefined when using ifort and not when using gfortran, along with any solutions to fixing the issue, I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you so much in advance!
推荐答案
Intel Fortran documentation states, that
在Linux和OS X系统上，编译器会在外部用户定义的名称后面附加一个下划线
字符。
On Linux and OS X systems, the compiler appends an underscore character to external user-defined names.
您需要通过
ifort -assume nounderscore ...
b $ b
还可以考虑名称案例
这是Linux *和OS X *系统上的默认值。编译器忽略标识符中的大小写差异，并将外部名称转换为小写。
This is the default on Linux* and OS X* systems. The compiler ignores case differences in identifiers and converts external names to lowercase.
因此，您可能还需要
-names uppercase
这篇关于使用ifort对cublas函数的未定义引用（cuBLAS Fortran Bindings）的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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