什么是管理Web应用程序的权限的最佳方法 - 位掩码或数据库表？ [英] What is the best way to manage permissions for a web application - bitmask or database table?

问题描述

我正在考虑为adminWeb应用程序设计权限系统的最佳方式。该应用程序可能有很多用户，每个用户可能被分配一定的角色;这些用户中的一些可能被允许在角色之外执行特定的任务。

I'm considering the best way to design a permissions system for an "admin" web application. The application is likely to have many users, each of whom could be assigned a certain role; some of these users could be permitted to perform specific tasks outside the role.

我可以想到两种设计方式：一种是使用权限表每个用户的行，以及布尔列，每个任务一个，分配他们执行这些任务的权限。像这样：

I can think of two ways to design this: one, with a "permissions" table with a row for every user, and boolean columns, one for each task, that assign them permissions to perform those tasks. Like this:

User ID          Manage Users     Manage Products     Manage Promotions     Manage Orders
1                true             true                true                  true
2                false            true                true                  true
3                false            false               false                 true

我想到的另一种方法是使用位掩码来存储这些用户权限。这将限制32位有符号整数可以管理的任务数量为31，但实际上我们不太可能有超过31个用户可以执行的特定任务。这样，数据库模式就会变得更简单，每次我们添加一个需要访问控制的新任务时，我们不必更改表结构。像这样：

Another way I thought of was to use a bit mask to store these user permissions. This would limit the number of tasks that could be managed to 31 for a 32-bit signed integer, but in practice we're unlikely to have more than 31 specific tasks that a user could perform. This way, the database schema would be simpler, and we wouldn't have to change the table structure every time we added a new task that would need access control. Like this:

User ID          Permissions (8-bit mask), would be ints in table
1                00001111
2                00000111
3                00000001

这里通常使用哪些机制，为什么？

What mechanisms have people here typically used, and why?

谢谢！

推荐答案

我认为这是一个普遍的经验法则，远离编码宇宙的意义。

I think it's a general rule of thumb to stay away from mystical bitstrings that encode the meaning of the universe.

虽然也许是笨蛋，拥有可能的权限表，用户表和它们之间的链接表是组织最好和最清晰的方式这个。它也使您的查询和维护（特别是对于新人）更容易。

While perhaps clunkier, having a table of possible permissions, a table of users, and a link table between them is the best and clearest way to organize this. It also makes your queries and maintenance (especially for the new guy) a lot easier.

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