有没有办法从解释器的内存中删除创建的变量，函数等？ [英] Is there a way to delete created variables, functions, etc from the memory of the interpreter?

问题描述

我一直在寻找这个问题的准确答案几天，但没有什么好处。我不是一个完整的编程初学者，但还没有在中级。

当我在Python的shell中时，我键入： dir（），我可以看到当前范围（主要块）中所有对象的所有名称，其中有6个：

  ['__ builtins__'，'__doc__'，'__loader__'，'__name__'，'__package__'，'__spec__'] 
  / pre> 
 
 
然后，当我声明一个变量时，例如 x = 10 ，它会自动添加到内置模块 dir（）中的对象列表，当我再次键入 dir（）时，它显示现在：
  ['__ builtins__'，'__doc__'，'__loader__'，'__name__'，'__package__'，'__spec__' ，'x'] 
  
同样的功能，类等。 
 
 
 
如何删除所有这些新对象而不删除标准6哪里可用的开始？
 
 
 
我在这里阅读过关于内存清理，清理控制台的内容，它从命令提示符窗口中删除所有文本：
 >>>导入sys 
>>>> clear = lambda：os.system（'cls'）
>>> clear（）
  
但这一切与我想要实现的无关，它没有
解决方案
您可以删除具有 del  
  del x 
  
，或者您可以从 globals（）对象中删除它们：
 在dir（）中的名称：
如果不是name.startswith（'_'）：
 del globals（）[name] 
  
这只是一个例子循环;防御性地只删除不以下划线开始的名称，作出（不是未经验证的）假设，您只能在解释器的开头使用没有下划线的名称。您可以使用硬编码的名称列表来保持（白名单），如果你真的想彻底。除了退出并重新启动解释器之外，没有内置函数来执行清除。
 
 
 
您导入的模块（导入os ）将保留导入，因为它们由 sys.modules 引用;后续导入将重用已导入的模块对象。你不会在当前的全局命名空间中引用它们。
 
I've been searching for the accurate answer to this question for a couple of days now but haven't got anything good. I'm not a complete beginner in programming, but not yet even on the intermediate level.

When I'm in the shell of Python, I type: dir() and I can see all the names of all the objects in the current scope (main block), there are 6 of them:
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']
Then, when I'm declaring a variable, for example x = 10, it automatically adds to that lists of objects under built-in module dir(), and when I type dir() again, it shows now:
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'x']
The same goes for functions, classes and so on.  

How do I delete all those new objects without erasing the standard 6 which where available at the beginning?

I've read here about "memory cleaning", "cleaning of the console", which erases all the text from the command prompt window:  
>>> import sys
>>> clear = lambda: os.system('cls')
>>> clear()
But all this has nothing to do with what I'm trying to achieve, it doesn't clean out all used objects.
解决方案
You can delete individual names with del:
del x
or you can remove them from the globals() object:
for name in dir():
    if not name.startswith('_'):
        del globals()[name]
This is just an example loop; it defensively only deletes names that do not start with an underscore, making a (not unreasoned) assumption that you only used names without an underscore at the start in your interpreter. You could use a hard-coded list of names to keep instead (whitelisting) if you really wanted to be thorough. There is no built-in function to do the clearing for you, other than just exit and restart the interpreter.

Modules you've imported (import os) are going to remain imported because they are referenced by sys.modules; subsequent imports will reuse the already imported module object. You just won't have a reference to them in your current global namespace.

                        
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