Django：如何管理开发和生产设置？ [英] Django: How to manage development and production settings?

问题描述

我一直在开发一个基本的应用程序。现在在部署阶段，已经很清楚我需要本地设置和生产设置。

很高兴知道以下内容：

• 如何最好地处理开发和生产设置。


• 如何在开发环境中保留django-debug-toolbar等应用程序。


• 开发和部署设置的其他提示和最佳做法

解决方案

我最喜欢的方法是使用 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量，并使用两个（或更多）设置文件，例如 production_settings.py 和 test_settings.py 。

然后，您可以使用引导脚本或进程管理器加载正确的设置（通过设置环境）。如果你使用的是virtualenv，那么你甚至可以将它们嵌入到virtualenv的激活脚本中。

你可以利用 PYTHONPATH 变量将设置存储在完全不同的位置（例如，在生产服务器上，将它们存储在 / etc / 中）是有意义的） - 这样可以更容易地部署您完全将配置与应用程序文件（这是一件好事）完全分离。

使用Process Manager设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE / h2>

如果你不喜欢编写一个设置环境的引导脚本（有非常好的理由感觉到这种方式！），我建议使用进程管理器：

• 主管可以让你使用程序的环境将环境变量传递到管理进程nt 配置密钥。


• Honcho （一个纯Python对应的Ruby的Foreman）可以让您在环境（ .env ）文件。

黑客 bin / activate 设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE

如果使用virtualenv，则将其附加到您的 bin / activate 脚本中：

  DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE =production_settings
 export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 
  

服务器：

  DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE =test_settings
 export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 
  pre> 
I have been developing a basic app. Now at the deployment stage it has become clear I have need for both a local settings and production settings.

It would be great to know the following:


How best to deal with development and production settings. 
How to keep apps such as django-debug-toolbar only in a development environment.
Any other tips and best practices for development and deployment settings.

解决方案
My favorite way of doing this is to use the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable and use two (or more) settings files, e.g. production_settings.py and test_settings.py. 

You can then use a bootstrap script or a process manager to load the correct settings (by setting the environment). If you're using a virtualenv, you could even hack this into the virtualenv's activate script.

You can take advantage of the PYTHONPATH variable to store the settings in a completely different location (e.g. on a production server, storing them in /etc/ makes sense) — this allows for easier deployment as you totally separate configuration from application files (which is a good thing).

Setting DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE using a Process Manager

If you're not fond of writing a bootstrap script that sets the environment (and there are very good reasons to feel that way!), I would recommend using a process manager:


Supervisor lets you pass environment variables to managed processes using a program's environment configuration key.
Honcho (a pure-Python equivalent of Ruby's Foreman) lets you define environment variables in an "environment" (.env) file.


Hacking bin/activate to set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE

If using a virtualenv, you append this to your bin/activate script:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="production_settings"
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
And on your test server:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="test_settings"
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE


                        
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