gmail不会在电子邮件中呈现html [英] gmail does not render html in email
问题描述
我将再次尝试一个非常基本的例子。当我使用PHP发送邮件给电子邮件客户端时，我没有问题，除了gmail。当我查看gmail中的电子邮件时，我所看到的只是邮件的代码。 Gmail不显示HTML。它只显示代码。这是我的脚本：
I am going to try this one more time with a very basic example. When I send an e-mail using PHP to e-mail clients, I have no problem except with gmail. When I view the e-mail in gmail, all I see is the code of the message. Gmail does not display the HTML. It just displays the code. Here is my script:
<?php
$to = "someone@gmail.com";
$subject = "Test HTML E-mail";
$random_hash = md5(date("r", time()));
$mID = md5($to);
$headers = "From: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\n" . "Reply-To: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\n";
$headers .= "Errors-To: someone@yahoo.com" . "\n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=". $random_hash ." ; Message-ID: <" . $mID . ">" . "\n";
ob_start();
?>
--<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello, Tom!!!
This is simple text email message.
--<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<!doctype html>
<head>
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello, Tom!</h2>
<p>This is something with <strong>HTML</strong> formatting.</p>
</body>
</html>
--<?php echo $random_hash; ?>--
<?php
$message = ob_get_clean();
$mail_sent = @mail( $to, $subject, $message, $headers );
echo $mail_sent ? "Mail sent" : "Mail failed";
?>
我没有使用DOCTYPE和DOCTYPE尝试这个脚本。我不相信HTML有什么问题。我认为gmail由于某种原因不能识别边界字符串。这是我打开电子邮件时看到的：
I have tried this script without the DOCTYPE and with the DOCTYPE. I do not believe there is anything wrong with the HTML. I believe gmail is not recognizing the boundary string for some reason. Here is what I see when I open the e-mail:
--111f3d21df6a6eb40a42e9337a600c21
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello, Tom!!!
This is simple text email message.
--111f3d21df6a6eb40a42e9337a600c21
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<!doctype html>
<head>
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello, Tom!</h2>
<p>This is something with <strong>HTML</strong> formatting.</p>
</body>
</html>
--111f3d21df6a6eb40a42e9337a600c21--
任何人都可以 PLEASE <强>告诉我为什么gmail渲染整个消息而不编码HTML？就好像gmail不能识别边界字符串一样。如何解决这个问题？
Can anyone PLEASE tell me why gmail is rendering the whole message and not encoding the HTML? It is as if gmail does not recognize the boundary string. How do I fix this?
作为附注，是的，这是我在互联网上发现的一个基本的PHP电子邮件脚本。我做了一些修改，但它仍然不能在gmail中工作。所有其他电子邮件客户端都可以很好的呈现。 请帮助！我的机智结束了。谢谢。
As a side note, yes, this is a basic PHP e-mail script I found on the internet. I have made a few modifications, but it is still not working in gmail. All other e-mail clients render it fine. PLEASE HELP! I am at my wit's end. Thank you.
当我在Fred -ii-提交的代码示例中添加$ headers行时，gmail呈现了HTML，但仍然显示边界字符串和纯文本消息。这是电子邮件的样子：
When I added the $headers line in the code example right below that was submitted by Fred -ii-, gmail rendered the HTML, but it still shows the boundary string and the plain text message also. This is what the e-mail looks like:
- f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6 Content-Type：text / plain; charset = iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding：7bit您好，格雷格！这是简单的文本电子邮件。 --f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6内容类型：text / html; charset = iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding：7bit
您好，Tom！
这是一个与 HTML 格式化的东西。
--f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6--
--f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello, Greg!!! This is simple text email message. --f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bitHello, Tom!
This is something with HTML formatting. --f8451c07b6649388e8938cfa12ea21e6--
我希望这是正确的。
推荐答案
编辑＃4
这是另一个很好的版本，似乎更容易使用：
Edit #4
Here is another good version and seems easier to work with:
<?php
//define the receiver of the email
$to = 'email@example.com';
//define the subject of the email
$subject = 'Test HTML email';
// Generate a random boundary string
$mime_boundary = '_x'.sha1(time()).'x';
// Using the heredoc syntax to declare the headers
$headers = <<<HEADERS
From: Test <email@example.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="PHP-alt$mime_boundary"
HEADERS;
// Use our boundary string to create plain text and HTML versions
$message = <<<MESSAGE
--PHP-alt$mime_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
This Is a Plain Text Email
This message has no HTML. http://www.google.com
--PHP-alt$mime_boundary
Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<html>
<body>
<h1>This Is an HTML Email</h1>
<p>
This message is composed in <a href="http://www.google.com">GOOGLE, click here</a>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
--PHP-alt$mime_boundary--
MESSAGE;
// Send the message
if(!mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers))
{
// If the mail function fails, return an error message
echo "Something went wrong!";
}
else
{
// Return a success message if nothing went wrong
echo "Message sent successfully. Check your email!";
}
?>
编辑3
另一个测试方法：（到目前为止更好的方法）
Edit 3
Another tested method: (which so far is the better method)
<?php
function send_email(
$to='email@example.com',
$from='email@example.com',
$subject='test',
$html_content='<b>HELLO in HTML bold</b>',
$text_content='Hi there in plain text',
$headers='')
{
# Setup mime boundary
$mime_boundary = 'Multipart_Boundary_x'.md5(time()).'x';
$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"$mime_boundary\"\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\r\n";
$body = "This is a multi-part message in mime format.\n\n";
# Add in plain text version
$body .= "--$mime_boundary\n";
$body .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=\"charset=us-ascii\"\n";
$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n\n";
$body .= $text_content;
$body .= "\n\n";
# Add in HTML version
$body .= "--$mime_boundary\n";
$body .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"\n";
$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n\n";
$body .= $html_content;
$body .= "\n\n";
# Attachments would go here
# But this whole email thing should be turned into a class to more logically handle attachments,
# this function is fine for just dealing with html and text content.
# End email
$body .= "--$mime_boundary--\n"; # <-- Notice trailing --, required to close email body for mime's
# Finish off headers
$headers .= "From: $from\r\n";
$headers .= "X-Sender-IP: $_SERVER[SERVER_ADDR]\r\n";
$headers .= 'Date: '.date('n/d/Y g:i A')."\r\n";
# Mail it out
return mail($to, $subject, $body, $headers);
}
send_email(); // call the function
?>
编辑2
这样工作，只能在Gmail中显示HTML，所以纯文本理论上应该可以工作。
Edit 2
This worked, and only showed me in HTML in Gmail, so plain text should theoretically work.
<?php
$notice_text = "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.";
$plain_text = "This is a plain text email.\r\nIt is very cool.";
$html_text = "<html><body>This is an <b style='color:purple'>HTML</b>" .
"text email.\r\nIt is very cool.</body></html>";
$semi_rand = md5(time());
$mime_boundary = "==MULTIPART_BOUNDARY_$semi_rand";
$mime_boundary_header = chr(34) . $mime_boundary . chr(34);
$to = "Me <email@example.com>";
// $bcc = "You <you@you.com>, Them <them@them.com>";
$from = "Him <another@example.com>";
$subject = "My Email";
$body = "$notice_text
--$mime_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
$plain_text
--$mime_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
$html_text
--$mime_boundary--";
if (@mail($to, $subject, $body,
"From: " . $from . "\n" .
"bcc: " . $bcc . "\n" .
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" .
"Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n" .
" boundary=" . $mime_boundary_header))
echo "Email sent successfully.";
else
echo "Email NOT sent successfully!";
?>
编辑1
尝试此版本：（在任何地方没有其他代码进行测试）
Edit 1
Try this version: (tested with no additional codes anywhere)
<?php
$to = "someone@gmail.com";
$subject = "Test HTML E-mail";
$headers = "From: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\n" . "Reply-To: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\r\n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
//unique boundary
$boundary = uniqid("HTMLDEMO");
//tell e-mail client this e-mail contains//alternate versions
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary = $boundary\r\n\r\n";
//plain text version of message
$body = "--$boundary\r\n" .
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1\r\n" .
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n\r\n";
$body .= chunk_split(base64_encode("
Hello, Tom!!!
This is simple text email message.
"));
//HTML version of message
$body .= "--$boundary\r\n" .
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\r\n" .
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n\r\n";
$body .= chunk_split(base64_encode("
<!doctype html>
<head>
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello, Tom!</h2>
<p>This is something with <strong>HTML</strong> formatting.</p>
</body>
</html>
"));
ob_start();
?>
<?php
$message = ob_get_clean();
$mail_sent = mail( $to, $subject, $body, $headers );
echo $mail_sent ? "Mail sent" : "Mail failed";
?>
您需要在初始头文件中使用以下内容：
You need to use the following in your initial headers:
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1' . "\r\n";
以下：
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\n";
根据 PHP.net上的手册
已测试（成功发送到我的Gmail，而不是代码）
Tested (successfully sent to my Gmail in HTML and not as code)
<?php
$to = "someone@gmail.com";
$subject = "Test HTML E-mail";
$random_hash = md5(date("r", time()));
$mID = md5($to);
$headers = "From: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\n" . "Reply-To: admin@yellowcas.com" . "\n";
$headers .= "Errors-To: someone@yahoo.com" . "\n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\n";
$headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1' . "\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=". $random_hash ." ; Message-ID: <" . $mID . ">" . "\n";
ob_start();
?>
// rest of code below...
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