如何正确设置vim在utf-8中进行编辑 [英] How to setup vim properly for editing in utf-8

问题描述

我已经遇到了几次问题，因为vim的编码默认设置为latin1，我没有注意到，并假定它使用utf-8。现在我有，我想设置vim，以便在所有明显的情况下都会做正确的事情，默认情况下使用utf-8。

I've run into problems a few times because vim's encoding was set to latin1 by default and I didn't notice and assumed it was using utf-8. Now that I have, I'd like to set up vim so that it will do the right thing in all obvious cases, and use utf-8 by default.

<强>我想避免的一些：

• 强制将某些其他编码保存的文件在我的更改之前工作打开为utf-8，导致乱码。


• 强制不支持多字节字符的终端（如Windows XP）要尝试


• 干扰其他程序读取或编辑文件的能力（我有一个（也许是不合理的）厌恶使用BOM默认情况下，因为我不清楚关于它可能会混乱其他程序的可能性。）


• 其他我不太了解的问题，可以猜到（但希望你这样做！）

• Forcing a file saved in some other encoding that would have worked before my changes to open as utf-8, resulting in gibberish.
• Forcing a terminal that doesn't support multibyte characters (like the Windows XP one) to try to display them anyway, resulting in gibberish.
• Interfering with other programs' ability to read or edit the files (I have a (perhaps unjustified) aversion to using a BOM by default because I am unclear on how likely it is to mess other programs up.)
• Other issues that I don't know enough about to guess at (but hopefully you do!)

到目前为止我已经有了

if has("multi_byte")
  if &termencoding == ""
    let &termencoding = &encoding
  endif
  set encoding=utf-8                     " better default than latin1
  setglobal fileencoding=utf-8           " change default file encoding when writing new files
  "setglobal bomb                        " use a BOM when writing new files
  set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,latin1 " order to check for encodings when reading files
endif

这是从 vim维基。我从 setglobal fileencoding 将 bomb 移动到自己的语句中，否则它实际上不起作用。由于我对BOM的不确定性，我也评论了这一行。

This is taken and slightly modified from the vim wiki. I moved the bomb from setglobal fileencoding to its own statement because otherwise it doesn't actually work. I also commented out that line because of my uncertainty towards BOMs.

我在找什么：

• 可能的陷阱，以避免我错过


• 现有代码的问题


• 链接到已经讨论过/已经列出的任何地方

最终，我希望这样可以产生一个不需要的副本/粘贴片段，将为默认设置vim的vim设置，可以跨平台运行。

Ultimately, I'd like this to result in a no-thought-required copy/paste snippet that will set up vim for utf-8-by-default that will work across platforms.

编辑：我标记为自己的答案现在被接受，只要我能告诉它的工作正常，并记录所有可以合理地解释的事情。但它不是石头;如果您有任何新信息，请随时回答！

I've marked my own answer as accepted for now, as far as I can tell it works okay and accounts for all things it can reasonably account for. But it's not set in stone; if you have any new information please feel free to answer!

推荐答案

为了回应sehe，我会回答我自己的问题！我删除了我对原始问题的更新，并将其移到了这个答案。这可能是更好的方式。

In response to sehe, I'll give a go at answering my own question! I removed the updates I made to the original question and have moved them to this answer. This is probably the better way to do it.

答案：

if has("multi_byte")
  if &termencoding == ""
    let &termencoding = &encoding
  endif
  set encoding=utf-8                     " better default than latin1
  setglobal fileencoding=utf-8           " change default file encoding when writing new files
endif

我删除了 bomb 行，因为根据 BOM维基百科页面使用utf-8时并不需要，实际上却是违反ASCII后向兼容性。只要 ucs-bom 首先在 fileencodings 中，vim将能够使用BOM检测和处理现有文件，所以它也不需要。

I removed the bomb line because according to the BOM Wikipedia page it is not needed when using utf-8 and in fact defeats ASCII backwards compatibility. As long as ucs-bom is first in fileencodings, vim will be able to detect and handle existing files with BOMs, so it is not needed for that either.

我删除了 fileencodings 行，因为在这种情况下不需要。从 Vim docs ：当编码'设置为Unicode编码，并且'fileencodings'尚未设置，'fileencodings'的默认值已更改。

I removed the fileencodings line because it is not needed in this case. From the Vim docs: When 'encoding' is set to a Unicode encoding, and 'fileencodings' was not set yet, the default for 'fileencodings' is changed.

我是使用 setglobal filencoding （而不是 set fileencoding ），因为：
读取文件时， fileencoding 将根据 fileencodings 自动设置。所以这只对新文件有用。另请参阅 docs ：

I am using setglobal filencoding (as opposed to set fileencoding) because: When reading a file, fileencoding will be automatically set based on fileencodings. So it only matters for new files then. And according to the docs again:

对于新文件，使用全局值
'fileencoding'。

For a new file the global value of 'fileencoding' is used.

这篇关于如何正确设置vim在utf-8中进行编辑的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！