Perl从目录中的文件中替换字符串 [英] Perl replacing Strings from files in directory

问题描述

我试图制作一个程序来替换目录中所有文件的字符串。问题的关键是，如果只是在句子的开头或结尾，或者两者兼而有之，我都需要改变它。这是我到目前为止：

  use strict; 
使用警告; 
使用File :: Find; ＃这让我们使用find（）函数，类似于Unix 
＃中的find，这对于递归搜索特别有用。 
 
打印您要使用哪个目录？\ n; ＃询问要使用的目录
 my $ dir = readline STDIN; 
 chomp $ dir; ＃用于消除换行符'\ n'
 
打印你想要搜索什么字符串？\ n; ＃询问要搜索的字符串。 
 my $ search = readline STDIN; 
 chomp $ search; 
 
 print你想用什么字符串替换？\\\
; ＃询问用什么来替换它。 
 my $ replace = readline STDIN; 
 chomp $ replace; 
 
打印如果要在句子的开始处替换$ search吗？（y / n）\ n; 
 my $ beg = readline STDIN; 
 chomp $ beg; 
 
打印如果在句子末尾，您想要替换$ search吗？（y / n）\ n; 
 my $ end = readline STDIN; 
 chomp $ end; 
 
 
查找（\& txtrep，$ dir）; ＃这个函数让我们遍历目录中的每个文件
 
 txtrep {
 if（-f和/.txt$/）{＃只有当它是一个普通的.txt文件
 my $ file = $ _; ＃设置文件的名称，使用特殊的Perl变量
 open（FILE，$ file）; 
 my @lines =< FILE>; ＃将文件放入数组中，并分隔句子
 my @ lines2 = split（。，@lines）; 
关闭FILE; 
 
 if（$ beg eqy）{
 foreach我的$ slot（@ lines2）{
 $ slot =〜s / ^ $ search / $ replace / gi; 
 
 
 $ b $如果（$ end eqy）{
 foreach我的$ slot（@ lines2）{
 $ slot =〜s / $搜索/ $替换/ GI; 
 
 
 
 open（FILE，> $ file）; 
打印FILE @ lines2; 
关闭FILE; 
 
 
 
 
 $ b $ p 
 $ b 
在我运行这个之后，它只是删除文件，而且我不知道这个语法是否适合改变字符串@句子的开头和结尾。请让我知道我做错了什么！谢谢！
解决方案
我只想使用perl单行程式 
 
 
 perl -i.bak -pe's / ^ [search] / [replace] / g;'[files]作为行的开始处
 perl -i.bak -pe's / [search] $ / [替换] / g;'[文件]的行结束
 
 [搜索]和[替换]是占位符。
 
 
 
'-i.bak'会替换之前的文件进行备份。
 
 
快速谷歌搜索： perl单行搜索& repalce示例 
 
I'm trying to make a program that replaces a string in all files in a directory. The catch is that I need to make it possible to only change it if it is at the beginning of a sentence or at the end, or both. This is what I have so far:
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Find;     #This lets us use the find() function, similar to 'find' in Unix 
                # -- which is especially helpful for searching recursively.

print "Which directory do you want to use?\n"; #Ask what directory to use
my $dir = readline STDIN;
chomp $dir; #Used for eliminating the newline character '\n'

print "What String would you like to search for?\n"; #Ask for what String to search for.
my $search = readline STDIN;
chomp $search;

print "What String would you like to replace it with?\n"; #Ask for what to replace it with.
my $replace = readline STDIN;
chomp $replace;

print "Would you like to replace $search if it is at the beginning of the sentence? (y/n) \n";
my $beg = readline STDIN;
chomp $beg;

print "Would you like to replace $search if it is at the end of the sentence? (y/n) \n";
my $end = readline STDIN;
chomp $end;


find(\&txtrep, $dir); #This function lets us loop through each file in the directory

sub txtrep  {
    if ( -f and /.txt$/) { # Proceeds only if it is a regular .txt file
        my $file = $_;  # Set the name of the file, using special Perl variable
        open (FILE , $file);
        my @lines = <FILE>; #Puts the file into an array and separates sentences
        my @lines2 = split(".", @lines);
        close FILE;

        if ($beg eq "y") {
            foreach my $slot (@lines2) {
                $slot =~ s/^$search/$replace/gi;
            }
        }

        if ($end eq "y") {
            foreach my $slot (@lines2) {
                $slot =~ s/$search$/$replace/gi;
            }
        }

        open (FILE, ">$file");
        print FILE @lines2;
        close FILE;
    }
}
After I run this, it just deletes everything in the files, and I don't know if the syntax is right for changing the string @ the beginning and the end of the sentences. Please let me know what I am doing wrong! Thank you!
解决方案
I would just use a perl one-liner

perl -i.bak -pe 's/^[search]/[replace]/g;' [files]   for a beginning of a line
perl -i.bak -pe 's/[search]$/[replace]/g;' [files]   for the end of the line

[search] and [replace] are place holders.

the '-i.bak' will make a backup of the file prior to replacement.

quick google search:  perl one-liner search & repalce example

                        
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