如何在bash中找到并打印特定的字符 [英] How to find and print specific character in bash

问题描述

  AA，A = 14，B = 356，C = 845，D = 4516 
 BB，A = 65，C = 255，D = 841，E = 5133，F = 1428 
 CC，A = 88，B = 54，C = 549，F = 225 
  

我永远不知道是否在行中缺少A，B，C或D的值。但是我需要像这样转换这个文件：

pre $ code> AA，A = 14，B = 356，C = 845，D = 4516 A = 65，C = 255，D = 841，E = 5133，F = 1428
CC，A = 88，B = 54，C = 549， - ， - ，F = 225

所以如果缺少任何值打印 - 标记。我的计划是有相同数量的列来轻松解析。我更喜欢awk解决方案。

我的第一次尝试是：

  awk'{gsub（/ [，] /，\t）}; BEGIN {FS = OFS =\ t} {for（i = 1; i <= NF; i ++）if（$ i〜/ ^ * $ /）$ i = - } {print $ 0}'
  

但是我注意到，有些值是缺失的。 b
$ b

编辑：

从我的标题我知道有价值A，B，C，D，E，F ...

解决方案

 提示符＃cat file.txt 
 AA，A = 14， B = 356，C = 845，D = 4516 
 BB，A = 65，C = 255，D = 841，E = 5133，F = 1428 
 CC，A = 88，B = 54， C = 549，F = 225 
 
提示符＃perl -F，-le'@ k =（A..F）; 
 $ op [0] = $ F [0]; @op [1..6] =（split //， - x6）; 
 $ j = 0;对于（$ i = 1; $ i <= $＃F;）{if（$ F [$ i] =〜m / $ k [$ j ++] = /）{$ op [$ j] = $ F [$一世]; $ i ++}} 
 print join（，，@ op）
'file.txt 
 AA，A = 14，B = 356，C = 845，D = 4516， -  
 BB，A = 65， - ，C = 255，D = 841，E = 5133，F = 1428 
 CC，A = 88，B = 54，C = 549， - ， F = 225 
  

• -F， code>在，上分割输入行并保存到 @F 数组<$ li $
• -l <​​/ code>从输入行中删除换行符，将换行符添加到输出中

• @ k =（A ..）; 使用 A ，初始化 @k > B 等等upto F


• $ op [0] = $ F [0]; @op [1..6] =（split //， - x6） initalize @op 第一个元素为<$ c的数组$ c> @F 和其余六个元素作为 -


• for循环遍历 @F 数组，如果元素匹配 @k 相应索引中的数组元素，后跟 = ，改变 @op 元素
  
• print join（，，@ op）用，作为分隔符打印 @op 数组
  

无法在 awk 中实现类似的逻辑（还不完全熟悉语法和结构）。

I have file like:

AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516
BB,A=65,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,F=225

I never know if in the row missing A,B,C or D value. But I need to transform this file like:

AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225

So if any value missing print just - mark. My plan is have the same number of columns to easy parsing. I am prefer awk solution. Thank you for any advice or help.

My first try was:

awk '{gsub(/[,]/, "\t")}; BEGIN{ FS = OFS = "\t" } { for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) if($i ~ /^ *$/) $i = "-" }; {print $0}'

But then I notice, that some values are missing.

EDIT:

From my header I know that there is value A,B,C,D,E,F...

解决方案

prompt# cat file.txt
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516
BB,A=65,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,F=225

prompt# perl -F, -le '@k=(A..F);
  $op[0]=$F[0]; @op[1..6]=(split //,"-"x6);
  $j=0; for($i=1;$i<=$#F;){ if($F[$i] =~ m/$k[$j++]=/)  {$op[$j]=$F[$i]; $i++} }
  print join(",",@op)
  ' file.txt
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225

• -F, split input line on , and save to @F array
• -l removes newline from input line, adds newline to output
• @k=(A..F); initialize @k array with A, B, etc upto F
• $op[0]=$F[0]; @op[1..6]=(split //,"-"x6) initalize @op array with first element of @F and remaining six elements as -
• for-loop iterates over @F array, if element matches with @k array element in corresponding index followed by =, change @op element
• print join(",",@op) print the @op array with , as separator

Couldn't implement similar logic in awk (not yet fully familiar with syntax and constructs).

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