函数返回多个值是pythonic吗? [英] Is it pythonic for a function to return multiple values?

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问题描述

在python中,你可以有一个函数返回多个值。这是一个人为的例子:

pre $ code def divide(x,y):
商= x / y
余额= x%y
返回商,余数

(q,r)=除(22,7)

这看起来很有用,但它看起来也可能被滥用(Well..function X已经计算了我们需要的中间值。让我们让X返回该值)。



何时应该画线并定义不同的方法?

解决方案

绝对(您提供的示例)。
$ b

元组是Python中的第一类公民



有一个内建函数 divmod() 的确如此。 > q,r = divmod(x,y)#((x - x%y)/ y,x%y)不变:div * y + mod == x

还有其他的例子: zip enumerate code>, dict.items

 对于枚举([1,3,3])中的i,e:
printindex =%d ,元素=%s%(i,e)

#逆向键和字典中的值
d = dict((v,k)for k,v in adict.items() )#或
d = dict(zip(adict.values(),adict.keys()))

顺便说一下,大多数时候括号不是必需的。
引自 Python库参考资料


元组由逗号
操作符(不在方括号内),
带或不带圆括号,
,但是一个空的元组必须有
括起括号,如a,b,c
或()。单个元组元组必须包含一个
尾随逗号,例如(d,)。



函数应该具有单一用途



因此他们应该返回一个单独的对象。在你的情况下,这个对象是一个元组。考虑元组作为专门的组合数据结构。有些语言几乎每一个函数都会返回多个值(Lisp中的列表)。



有时足够返回(x,y)而不是 Point(x,y)


$ b

命名的元组



随着Python 2.6中命名元组的引入,在许多情况下最好返回命名元组而不是普通元组。

 >>>导入集合
>>> Point = collections.namedtuple('Point','x y')
>>> x,y = Point(0,1)
>>> p = Point(x,y)
>>> x,y,p
(0,1,Point(x = 0,y = 1))
>>> p.x,p.y,p [0],p [1]
(0,1,0,1)
>>>对于我在p:
... print(i)
...
0
1


In python, you can have a function return multiple values. Here's a contrived example:

def divide(x, y):
    quotient = x/y
    remainder = x % y
    return quotient, remainder  

(q, r) = divide(22, 7)

This seems very useful, but it looks like it can also be abused ("Well..function X already computes what we need as an intermediate value. Let's have X return that value also").

When should you draw the line and define a different method?

解决方案

Absolutely (for the example you provided).

Tuples are first class citizens in Python

There is a builtin function divmod() that does exactly that.

q, r = divmod(x, y) # ((x - x%y)/y, x%y) Invariant: div*y + mod == x

There are other examples: zip, enumerate, dict.items.

for i, e in enumerate([1, 3, 3]):
    print "index=%d, element=%s" % (i, e)

# reverse keys and values in a dictionary
d = dict((v, k) for k, v in adict.items()) # or 
d = dict(zip(adict.values(), adict.keys()))

BTW, parentheses are not necessary most of the time. Citation from Python Library Reference:

Tuples are constructed by the comma operator (not within square brackets), with or without enclosing parentheses, but an empty tuple must have the enclosing parentheses, such as a, b, c or (). A single item tuple must have a trailing comma, such as (d,).

Functions should serve single purpose

Therefore they should return a single object. In your case this object is a tuple. Consider tuple as an ad-hoc compound data structure. There are languages where almost every single function returns multiple values (list in Lisp).

Sometimes it is sufficient to return (x, y) instead of Point(x, y).

Named tuples

With the introduction of named tuples in Python 2.6 it is preferable in many cases to return named tuples instead of plain tuples.

>>> import collections
>>> Point = collections.namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
>>> x, y = Point(0, 1)
>>> p = Point(x, y)
>>> x, y, p
(0, 1, Point(x=0, y=1))
>>> p.x, p.y, p[0], p[1]
(0, 1, 0, 1)
>>> for i in p:
...   print(i)
...
0
1

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