Mac OS上的混合静态和动态链接 [英] Mixed static and dynamic link on Mac OS

问题描述

我想使用gcc生成一个共享库，但是我想链接一些静态依赖的其他库。现在生成我使用的标准动态链接输出文件。

  gcc -dynamiclib * .o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile 
  

这将是

  gcc -shared * .o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile 
  

on在Linux系统上的binutils ld 。现在，如果我想让libfoo和libbar静态链接，我可以直接命名静态库

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ gcc -dynamiclib * .o /但是，usr / lib / libfoo.a /usr/lib/libbar.a -o outfile

我必须自己去寻找库文件。 GNU binutils ld 支持：

  gcc -shared * .o  - l：libfoo.a -l：libbar.a -o outfile 
  

但苹果的 ld doesnt。

• 有没有办法让苹果的 ld 自己查找静态库？


• 如果没有，是否有另一种避免命名档案确切位置的方法，例如使用 -static 开关从要求libfoo和libbar的目标文件中生成一个中间输出文件，并将该文件与剩余的目标文件一起链接以创建动态对象？

解决方案

引用 QA1393 ，

通常，链接器遍历搜索路径中的每个路径一次找到一个动态版本的库。如果没有找到，它会遍历每个寻找相同库的静态版本的路径。如果两个库都位于相同的目录中，而没有使用-l链接器选项和每个库的绝对路径，则无法在相应的dylib上选择静态库。

按照QA1393的建议，您可以将静态库放置在不同的目录中，在其他目录之前使用 -L / path / to / static / libraries 可能指向动态库的 -L 出现，并且 -search_paths_first ，这样链接器就会同时尝试.dylib（它将不会在那里）和.a在搜索下一个搜索路径等之前的第一个搜索路径。

I want to use gcc to produce a shared library, but i want to link some other libraries it depends on statically. Now to produce the "standard" dynamically linked output file i use

gcc -dynamiclib *.o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile

which would be

gcc -shared *.o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile

on for a binutils ld on a linux system. Now if i want libfoo and libbar to be linked statically, I can name the static libraries directly

gcc -dynamiclib *.o /usr/lib/libfoo.a /usr/lib/libbar.a -o outfile

however, that way i have to look for the library files myself. GNU binutils ld supports this:

gcc -shared *.o -l:libfoo.a -l:libbar.a -o outfile

but apple's ld doesnt.

• Is there a way to make apple's ld look for the static libraries himself?
• If not, is there another way that would avoid naming the exact location of the archives, e.g. producing an intermediate output file out of the object files requiring libfoo and libbar with the -static switch and linking that file together with the remaining objectfiles to create the dynamic object?

解决方案

Quoting QA1393,

Normally, the linker goes through each path in the search paths one at a time to find a dynamic version of the library. If none is found, it goes through each of those paths looking for a static version of the same library. There is no way to choose a static library over a corresponding dylib if both libraries are in the same directory without using the -l linker option and absolute paths to each library.

As recommended by QA1393, you can place your static libraries in a different directory, use -L/path/to/static/libraries before other occurrences of -L that could point to dynamic libraries, and -search_paths_first so that the linker tries both .dylib (which won’t be there) and .a in the first search path before searching the next search path and so forth.

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