修改g ++库路径 [英] Modify g++ library path
问题描述
搜索路径的输出：
$ b我最近安装了gcc 4.9.2，并在与libs链接时发现问题。 $ b
install：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/
programs：= / usr / libexec / gcc / x86_64 -Unknown-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /：在/ usr /的libexec / GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /：在/ usr /的libexec / GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU /：在/ usr /lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9 0.2 /../../../../ x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU /斌/ x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知Linux的-gnu / 4.9.2 /../../../../ x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU /斌/ x86_64的-Linux的GNU /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU /4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/
libraries：= / usr / lib / gcc / x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu / 4.9 0.2 /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /../../../../ x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / LIB / x86_64的未知Linux的-gnu / 4.9.2 /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /../../../../ x86_64的-不明正Linux的GNU / LIB / x86_64的-Linux的GNU /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /../../../../ x86_64的-unknown- Linux的GNU / lib中/../ lib64下/：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /../../../ x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9。 2 /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /../../../ x86_64的-Linux的GNU /：/ usr / lib中/ GCC / x86_64的未知Linux的-gnu / 4.9.2 /../../../../ lib64下/：/ LIB / x86_64的未知-Linux的GNU / 4.9.2 /：/ LIB / x86_64的-Linux的GNU /：/ lib中/../lib64/:/usr/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr /lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown -linux-gnu / 4.9.2 /../../../:/ lib /：/ usr / lib /
真的，有问题的是这样的：
$ p $ / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu / ：/ usr / lib /../ lib64 /
我需要改变这两个库的顺序（这样lib64具有更高的搜索优先级），因为两个dirs都有libstdc ++。so.6，我需要使用o ne在lib64文件夹中。
我该怎么做？
请不要：
1，建议我更改LD_LIBRARY_PATH以明确包含libstdc ++。so.6，因为我确定x86_64-linux-gnu文件夹中有其他的东西，它们的旧版本lib64文件夹 - 我从旧版本升级了g ++。
2，建议我在g ++ -L选项中明确包含lib64 / libstdc ++。so.6。 p>
非常感谢。
/ ***************** *******编辑更多信息************************ /
根据下面的请求，这里有一些关于配置和安装的更多细节（我从gcc.gnu.org下载了4.9.2源代码，解压并从4.9.2顶层文件夹开始）：
mkdir ../gcc-build&&
cd ../gcc-build&&
../gcc-4.9.2/configure \
--prefix = / usr \
--libdir = / usr / lib \
--enable-shared \
--enable-threads = posix \
--enable -__ cxa_atexit \
--disable-multilib \
--with- system-zlib \
--enable-languages = c，c ++&&
make
或修改现有的）GCC specs 文件，文档是 here。
AFAIK， specs 文件位于您的安装 dir，因此你可以在 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/specs （你可以创建如果它不存在）。
AFAIK有一些内置的默认设置，但您可以配置您的系统有一个明确的默认设置。
阅读有关调试选项的GCC。您可能希望使用 -dumpspecs 来获取内置的默认规格。
详细信息可能非常具体您的系统，特别是如果您从其源代码编译 GCC 。
我对 specs 文件不够熟悉，以便为您的特定问题提供可靠的解决方案。您可以在 gcc-help@gcc.gnu.org 上询问详情。
注意：我倾向于认为使用 - prefix = / usr gcc $ c>（而不是非系统前缀，比如默认的 --prefix = / usr / local / 或者一些 --prefix = / opt / etc ...）是一个错误（或者至少也使用 - program-suffix = -4.9 ）。您可能会将 gcc 与系统 gcc 混合;如果您想替换您的系统 gcc （这可能很危险），您应该配置新的 gcc 与系统 gcc 具有相同的参数。请注意， / usr / bin / gcc -v 会告诉您系统如何配置（在覆盖之前完成） gcc 当在一些较旧的系统上编译最近的GCC 4.9时，我通常会建议使用 - prefix = / usr / local来配置它。 / 和 - 程序后缀= -4.9 然后添加 / usr / local / bin / 添加到 $ PATH 中，并使用 make CC = gcc-4.9 CXX = g ++ - 4.9 它。
I recently installed gcc 4.9.2 and found a problem when linking with libs.
The output for search path:
install: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/
programs: =/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/
libraries: =/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../lib64/:/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
Really, the problematic thing is this:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib64/
I need to change the order of these two libs(so that lib64 has higher search priority), because both dirs have the libstdc++.so.6, and I need to use the one in lib64 folder.
How do I do it?
Please don't:
1, suggest that I change LD_LIBRARY_PATH to explicitly include libstdc++.so.6 as I'm sure there are other things in x86_64-linux-gnu folder that are older versions of that in the lib64 folder - I upgraded g++ from an older version.
2, suggest that I explicitly include that lib64/libstdc++.so.6 in the g++ -L option.
Thanks a lot.
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Upon the request below, here're some more details about configuration and installation(I downloaded 4.9.2 source from gcc.gnu.org, extracted it and started in the 4.9.2 top level folder):
mkdir ../gcc-build &&
cd ../gcc-build &&
../gcc-4.9.2/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix \
--enable-__cxa_atexit \
--disable-multilib \
--with-system-zlib \
--enable-languages=c,c++ &&
make
You could have a new (or modify the existing) GCC specs file, documentation is here.
AFAIK, the specs file is in your "install" dir, so for you would be in
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.2/specs (which you could create if it does not exist).
AFAIK there is some built-in default, but you could configure your system to have an explicit one.
Read also about the debugging options of GCC. You may want to use -dumpspecs to get the built-in default spec.
Details may be highly specific to your system, especially if you compiled GCC from its source code.
I am not familiar enough with specs files to give a reliable solution for your particular issue. You might ask on gcc-help@gcc.gnu.org for details.
NB: I would tend to believe that configuring a gcc with --prefix=/usr (and not a non-system prefix like the default --prefix=/usr/local/ or some --prefix=/opt/ etc...) is a mistake (or at least use also --program-suffix=-4.9). You are likely to mix up your gcc with the system gcc; If you want to replace your system gcc (which is probably dangerous) you should configure your new gcc with the same arguments as your system gcc had. Notice that /usr/bin/gcc -v tells you how was your system gcc configured (to be done before overwriting it).
When compiling a recent GCC 4.9 on some older system I generally would recommend to configure it with --prefix=/usr/local/ and --program-suffix=-4.9 then add /usr/local/bin/ to your $PATH, and use make CC=gcc-4.9 CXX=g++-4.9 for building programs with it.
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