时间轴上滴答的子集的日期格式 [英] Date format for subset of ticks on time axis

问题描述

问题

我想格式化我的X轴（时间），以便周末清晰可见。我想显示日期和星期几。

现状

我这样做（完整代码在下面）

  scale_x_date（breaks = myData $ timestamp，
 labels = paste（$ b $ substr（format（myData $ timestamp，％a），1,1），
格式（myData $ timestamp，％d），
 sep = \\\
）
）
  

这给了我

想要的情况

我宁愿在平日里有一个字母缩写， d喜欢用星期日（和假期真的）为红色。这就是我的意思（用GIMP制作）。请注意第一个星期一和上个星期五是如何使用

  scale_x_date（breaks =1 day，
 minor_breaks =1天，
 labels = date_format（％a\\\
％d），
 name =）
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
这里是这个例子的完整代码 
 
 $ p $  library（ggplot2）
 library（scales）
 library（reshape2）
 
 minimumTime<  -  as.Date（2014-07-01）
 maximumTime<  -  as.Date（2014-07-31）
 
x<  - seq（minimumTime，maximumTime，by =1 day）
 y1 < -  sin（as.numeric（x）/ 3）
 y2 < -  cos（as.numeric（x）/ 3 ）
 $ b $ myData<  -  data.frame（timestamp = x，y1 = y1，y2 = y2）
 myData<  -  melt（myData，id.vars =timestamp）
 
 rects<  -  data.frame（saturdays = myData [weekdays（myData $ times tamp）==Saturday，timestamp]  -  0.5，sundays = myData [weekdays（myData $ timestamp）==Saturday，timestamp] + 1.5）
 
 myPlot<  - ggplot（）+ 
 geom_rect（data = rects，aes（xmin = saturdays，xmax = sundays，ymin = -Inf，ymax = Inf），alpha = 0.1）+ 
 geom_line（data = myData，aes （x = timestamp，y = value，color = variable，size = 1））+ 
 geom_point（data = myData，aes（x = timestamp，y = value，color = variable，size = 2））+ $ （格式（myData $ timestamp，％a），1,1），格式（myData $ timestamp，％d），sep =\\ b $ b scale_x_date（breaks = myData $ timestamp， \\ n））+ 
 #scale_x_date（breaks =1 day，minor_breaks =1 days，labels = date_format（％a\\\
％d），name =）+ 
 scale_size_continuous（range = c（1.5,5），guide = FALSE）
  

总结：

• 有没有办法给另一种颜色的特定中断着色？


• 手动更改标签的方式是星期一还是星期五，还有
  星期五是开始还是结束？


• 另外，如果有办法让每个标签的行都居中，那就是
  awesome：）
  

谢谢！

解决方案

您可以使用自定义formater对于也使用 breaks =1 day参数的标签，您只需在后使用函数（x） c $ c> labels = 和用 x 替换myDate $ timestamp 。这也将解决第三个问题。
$ b $ pre $ + scale_x_date（breaks =1 day，
labels = function（ x）paste（substr（format（x，％a），1,1），format（x，％d），sep =\\\
））


或者您可以将您的转换作为单独函数使用，然后将其用于 labels = 。

  my_date_trans <-function（x）{
 paste（substr（format（x，％a），1 ，1），format（x，％d），sep =\\\
）
} 
 
 + scale_x_date（breaks =1 day，labels = my_date_trans）
  

要更改标签的颜色，您应该使用 theme（）和 axis.text.x = 。在这里，我使用包含6次黑色和红色的颜色矢量，因为您的比例从星期一开始。然后重复这些颜色。

  ggplot（）+ 
 geom_rect（data = rects，aes（xmin = saturdays， xmax = sundays，ymin = -Inf，ymax = Inf），alpha = 0.1）+ 
 geom_line（data = myData，aes（x = timestamp，y = value，color = variable，size = 1））+ 
 geom_point（data = myData，aes（x = timestamp，y = value，color = variable，size = 2））+ 
 scale_x_date（breaks =1 day，labels = my_date_trans）+ 
 scale_size_continuous（range = c（1.5,5），guide = FALSE）+ 
 theme（axis.text.x = element_text（color = c（rep（black，6），red）））） 
  

Problem

I would like to format my X-axis (time) so that the weekends are clearly visible. I would like to display the date as well as the day of the week.

Current situation

I do this with (full code below)

scale_x_date(breaks=myData$timestamp, 
  labels=paste(
    substr(format(myData$timestamp, "%a"),1,1),
    format(myData$timestamp, "%d"),
    sep="\n")
)

which gives me

Wanted situation

I would rather have a one letter abbreviation for the weekdays since it became a bit tight there.. Also, I'd like to color sundays (and holidays really) in red. Here's what I mean (made with GIMP). Note how the first Monday and last Friday was added by using

scale_x_date(breaks = "1 day", 
  minor_breaks = "1 days", 
  labels = date_format("%a\n%d"),
  name="")

However, then I get a three letter abbreviation of the weekdays, which I removed in GIMP.

Here is the complete code for this example.

library(ggplot2)
library(scales)
library(reshape2)

minimumTime <- as.Date("2014-07-01")
maximumTime <- as.Date("2014-07-31")

x <- seq(minimumTime,maximumTime, by="1 day")
y1 <- sin(as.numeric(x)/3)
y2 <- cos(as.numeric(x)/3)

myData <- data.frame(timestamp=x, y1=y1, y2=y2)
myData <- melt(myData, id.vars="timestamp")

rects <- data.frame(saturdays=myData[weekdays(myData$timestamp) == "Saturday","timestamp"]-0.5, sundays = myData[weekdays(myData$timestamp) == "Saturday","timestamp"]+1.5)

myPlot <- ggplot() +
    geom_rect(data=rects, aes(xmin=saturdays, xmax=sundays,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf), alpha=0.1) +
    geom_line(data=myData, aes(x=timestamp, y=value, colour=variable,size=1)) + 
    geom_point(data=myData, aes(x=timestamp, y=value, colour=variable,size=2)) +
    scale_x_date(breaks=myData$timestamp, labels=paste(substr(format(myData$timestamp, "%a"),1,1),format(myData$timestamp, "%d"),sep="\n")) +
    #scale_x_date(breaks = "1 day", minor_breaks = "1 days", labels = date_format("%a\n%d"), name="")  +
    scale_size_continuous(range = c(1.5,5), guide=FALSE)

So to sum up:

• Is there a way to color specific breaks in another color?
• Is there a way change to the labels manually and still have them for the Monday and the Friday at the beginning and the end in this case?
• Also, if there's a way to have the lines of each label centered, that would be awesome :)

Thank you!

解决方案

You can use your custom formater for labels also using breaks="1 day" argument, you just have to use function(x) after labels= and replace myDate$timestamp with x. This will also solve the third problem.

 + scale_x_date(breaks="1 day", 
      labels= function(x) paste(substr(format(x, "%a"),1,1),format(x, "%d"),sep="\n")) 

Or you can make your transformation as seperate function and then use it for labels=.

my_date_trans<-function(x) {
      paste(substr(format(x, "%a"),1,1),format(x, "%d"),sep="\n")
}

+ scale_x_date(breaks="1 day",labels=my_date_trans)

To change colors for labels you should use theme() and axis.text.x=. Here I using vector of colors that contains 6 time black and then red as your scale starts with Monday. Those colors are then repeated.

ggplot() +
      geom_rect(data=rects, aes(xmin=saturdays, xmax=sundays,ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf), alpha=0.1) +
      geom_line(data=myData, aes(x=timestamp, y=value, colour=variable,size=1)) + 
      geom_point(data=myData, aes(x=timestamp, y=value, colour=variable,size=2)) +
      scale_x_date(breaks="1 day",labels=my_date_trans)+
      scale_size_continuous(range = c(1.5,5), guide=FALSE)+
      theme(axis.text.x=element_text(color=c(rep("black",6),"red")))

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