如何使用geom_sf绘制PostGIS几何图形？ [英] How do I plot PostGIS geometries using geom_sf?
本文介绍了如何使用geom_sf绘制PostGIS几何图形？的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
RPostgreSQL 包，我无需直接从SQL将数据查询到data.frame中。 因为R抱怨原始geom类型，所以我在SQL查询中使用 ST_AsText（）它们以字符的形式存储在 data.frame 中。我有三种类型： POINT ， LINESTRING 和 POLYGON 。请注意，我的数据是几何图形（例如，笛卡尔x，y，z坐标），而不是地图投影的地理位置。
在制作MWE时遇到了一些麻烦，因为我有用换行符分隔每个LINESTRING和POLYGON元素，否则r认为我丢失了括号。可能是一个错误？无论如何，这里是MWE：
tmpdf< - data.frame（id = seq（1,6,1）， （POINT（-186.552366 -69.56887），POINT（151.826334 -19.119682），POINT（-189.013302 -67.107934），POINT（-195.575798 59.220114），POINT（103.01777） 62.501362） POINT（135.009938 55.118554）），
linestr = C（ LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 - 235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234 ，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.3533 71787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227）
LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796， - 54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180 0.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227）
LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.6211316254 52,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234 ，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227），
LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,18 2.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69。 8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227）
LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452， 36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234， - 228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.9 48743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227）
LINESTRING（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.592464768 53568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 - 5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227） ），
多边形= C（ POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34 547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448， - 63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227））
POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 - 87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 - 235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234 ，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227）），
POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.448 5209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306， -173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448， -63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254 014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227））
POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 - 46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350 630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227））
POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 - 87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765，-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096 ，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 - 5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 - 5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227））
POLYGON（（186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765， - 9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796，-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765，-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132，-138.137849033921 -209.744281559 306，-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096，-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047，-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964，-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111，-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234，-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568，-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239，-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942，-170.956554428614 101.63465459698，-139.221583320728 127.678872312782，-103.015415963258 147.031471955448，-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773，-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227））），stringsAsFactors = F）
所有的点都不同，线条都是一样的，多边形都是一样的（和线串一样，就像多边形一样）。
现在，我想要visuali用 ggplot 来表示这些几何图形。
我希望使用ggplot的'简单功能'方面（参见
以上只是因为我知道每个多边形是相同的。我不得不做更多的工作来弄清楚如何为不同的多边形做这个。
****更新！
通过一些试验和错误，我能够成功地使用 geom_sf 。
Data source is PostgreSQL database with PostGIS geometry types. I have no problem querying the data I want directly from SQL into a data.frame using the RPostgreSQL package.
Since R complains about raw geom types, I use ST_AsText() on the geoms in the SQL query so that they are stored as character type in a data.frame. I have three types: POINT, LINESTRING, and POLYGON. Note that my data is geometry (e.g., Cartesian x,y,z coordinates), not map-projected geography.
Had a bit of trouble making my MWE because I had to separate each LINESTRING and POLYGON element with a newline character otherwise r thought I was missing parentheses. Possibly a bug? Anyway, here is the MWE:
tmpdf <- data.frame(id = seq(1,6,1),
point = c("POINT(-186.552366 -69.56887)","POINT(151.826334 -19.119682)","POINT(-189.013302 -67.107934)","POINT(-195.575798 59.220114)","POINT(103.01777 62.501362)","POINT(135.009938 55.118554)"),
linestr = c("LINESTRING(186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227,182.523886136587 -87.3045772259105,170.606614118262 -126.59055812607,151.254014475596 -162.79672548354,125.209796759794 -194.531696591426,93.4748256519081 -220.575914307228,65.3272038227373 -235.621131625452,36.2687622716732 -244.435913500765,-9.05803921416017 -248.900213788796,-54.3848406999935 -244.435913500765,-97.9697586242894 -231.214573193132,-138.137849033921 -209.744281559306,-173.34547474097 -180.850129866096,-202.239626434179 -145.642504159047,-221.510885247941 -109.588514788964,-228.270643805406 -87.3045772259111,-232.294614119009 -46.4485209972234,-228.270643805406 -5.59246476853568,-216.353371787081 33.6935161316239,-197.000772144416 69.8996834890942,-170.956554428614 101.63465459698,-139.221583320728 127.678872312782,-103.015415963258 147.031471955448,-63.7294350630982 158.948743973773,-22.8733788344104 162.972714287376,17.9826773942774 158.948743973774,57.2686582944371 147.031471955449,93.4748256519074 127.678872312783,125.209796759793 101.634654596981,151.254014475596 69.8996834890953,170.606614118262 33.6935161316251,182.523886136587 -5.59246476853451,186.547856450189 -46.4485209972227)",
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All the points are different, the linestrings are all the same, and the polygons are all the same (and same as the linestrings, just as a polygon instead).
Now, I would like to visualize these geometries using ggplot.
I was hoping to use the 'simple features' aspect of ggplot (see geom_sf), but it appears to be either deprecated or not yet implemented. I do see a reference to a to be in development still... geom_sf but it appears
Both geom_map and geom_polygon require x and y variables. Is there a fast way to extract x and y coordinates from geometry WKT objects?
解决方案
It is somewhat straightforward to plot geometries with ggplot2 (but not use geom_sf) if you use a few extra libraries that convert WKT to SpatialPoints/SpatialPolygons and extract coordinates:
library(rgeos)
library(sp)
# read WKT points into spatial object
tmpdf$pts <- lapply(tmpdf$point, FUN = function(x) readWKT(x))
# extract point coordinates
tmpdf$ptx <- coordinates(tmpdf$pts)[c(T,F)]
tmpdf$pty <- coordinates(tmpdf$pts)[c(F,T)]
ggplot(tmpdf) +
geom_point(aes(x=ptx, y=pty))
Not as clear how to extract coordinates from polygon objects though and the only way I was able to do it seems really clunky. One problem being that the functions are not vectorized, so they all need to be wrapped with apply functions.
# read WKT polygons into spatial object
tmpdf$pol <- lapply(tmpdf$polygon, FUN = function(x) readWKT(x))
# extract coordinates from the first polygon only
test <- tmpdf[1,"pol"]
test2 <- sapply(test, FUN=function(x) x@polygons)
test3 <- sapply(test2, FUN=function(x) x@Polygons)
test4 <- lapply(test3, FUN=function(x) x@coords)
ggplot() +
geom_point(data=tmpdf, aes(x=ptx, y=pty)) +
geom_polygon(data=data.frame(test4[[1]]), aes(x=x, y=y), fill="transparent", color="blue")
The above only works because I know that each of the polygons are equivalent. I'd have to do more work to figure out how to do this for different polygons.
**** UPDATE!
Through some trial and error, I was able to use geom_sf successfully. Functions on this page are very helpful.
# install the dev version of ggplot2 (2.2.1.9000)
devtools::install_github("tidyverse/ggplot2")
# convert wkt to spatial (sf)
tmpdf$sppt <- st_as_sfc(tmpdf$point)
tmpdf$spls <- st_as_sfc(tmpdf$linestr)
tmpdf$sppg <- st_as_sfc(tmpdf$polygon)
# regular plotting works
plot(tmpdf$sppt)
plot(tmpdf$spls)
plot(tmpdf$sppg)
# ggplot too!
ggplot(tmpdf) +
geom_sf(aes(geometry=sppt))
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