Git命令显示哪些特定文件被.gitignore忽略 [英] Git command to show which specific files are ignored by .gitignore

问题描述

我的项目源码树：

  / 
 | 
 +  -  src / 
 + ---- refs / 
 + ----... 
 | 
 +  - 供应商/ 
 + ----... 
  

我在我的供应商分支中有代码（目前是MEF），我将在那里编译，然后将引用移动到项目从中选择它们的 / src / refs 。

我的问题是我的 .gitignore 设置为忽略 *。dll 和 *。pdb 。我可以做一个 git add -f bar.dll 来强制添加被忽略的文件，这是好的，问题是我无法弄清楚列出哪些文件存在被忽略。

我想列出被忽略的文件，以确保我不会忘记添加它们。

我已阅读 git ls-files 的手册页，但无法使其正常工作。在我看来， git ls-files --exclude-standard -i 应该做我想做的事。我缺少什么？

更新：

git ls-files -i 将不起作用，您将收到错误信息：

  ls-files： - 签名需要一些排除模式
  

git ls-files --others - 我--exclude-from = .git / info / exclude ，因为下面的VonC建议的确是答案。 - exclude-standard 选项也可以代替 - exclude-from 。

运行总结：

  git ls-files --others -i --exclude- from = .git / info / exclude 
 git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard 
  

• xiaobai 的答案更简单（git1.7.6 +）： git status --ignored
  
  （详见是否有办法告诉git-status忽略 .gitignore 文件的影响？）


• MattDiPasquale 的 answer （被提高） git clean -ndX 适用于旧的gits，显示忽略的文件可以被删除的内容（ ）

---

同样有趣（在中提及qwertymk 的答案），你也可以使用 git check-ignore -v 命令，至少在Unix上（在CMD Windows 会话中不起作用）

  git check-ignore * 
 git check-ignore -v * 
  

第二个其中一个显示 .gitignore 的实际规则，这会使git repo中的文件被忽略。

在Unix上，使用扩展到所有文件在当前目录中递归？和bash4 +：

pre $ git check-ignore ** / *

（或 find -exec 命令）

---

原始回答42009）

  git ls-files -i 
  

应该可以工作，除其源代码表示：

  if（show_ignored&& ！exc_given）{
 fprintf（stderr，％s：--ignored needs some exclude pattern \\\
，
 argv [0]）; 
  

exc_given ？

事实证明，在 -i 之后需要多一个参数来实际列出任何内容：

Try：

  git ls-files -i --exclude-from = [Path_To_Your_Global] .gitignore 
  

（但那只会列出您的 cached （未忽略）对象，过滤器，所以这不是你想要的）

---

示例：

  $ cat .git / ignore 
＃忽略树中任何位置的对象和存档。 
。[oa] 
 $ cat文档/ .gitignore 
＃忽略生成的html文件，
 * .html 
＃除了手工维护的foo.html 
！foo.html 
 $ git ls-files --ignored \ 
 --exclude ='文档/ *。[0-9]'\ 
 --exclude -from = .git / ignore \ 
 --exclude-per-directory = .gitignore 
  

< hr>

实际上，在我的'gitignore'文件（称为'exclude'）中，我找到了一个可以帮助你的命令行：

  F：\prog\git\test\.git\info>类型不包括
＃git ls-files --others --exclude-from = .git / info / exclude 
＃以'＃'开头的行是注释。 
＃对于大多数情况下以C语言编写的项目，以下是一组很好的
＃排除模式（如果要使用它们，请取消注释）：
＃*。[oa] 
 $ * 
  

所以....

  git ls-files --others --ignored --exclude-from = .git / info / exclude 
 git ls-files -o -i --exclude -from = .git / info / exclude 
 
 git ls-files --others --ignored --exclude-standard 
 git ls-files -o -i --exclude-standard 
  

应该这样做。

在 ls-files手册页中， - 其他是重要的一部分，为了向您展示非缓存的，未提交的，通常被忽略的文件。

- exclude_standard 不仅仅是一个快捷方式，而且是一种包含所有标准忽略模式设置的方式。

exclude-standard

在每个目录中添加标准的git排除： .git / info / exclude ， .gitignore ， 用户的全局排除文件。

I am getting my feet wet on git and have the following issue:

My project source tree:

/
|
+--src/
+----refs/
+----...
|
+--vendor/
+----...

I have code (currently MEF) in my vendor branch that I will compile there and then move the references into /src/refs which is where the project picks them up from.

My issue is that I have my .gitignore set to ignore *.dll and *.pdb. I can do a git add -f bar.dll to force the addition of the ignored file which is ok, the problem is I can not figure out to list what files exist that are ignored.

I want to list the ignored files to make sure that I don't forget to add them.

I have read the man page on git ls-files and can not make it work. It seems to me that git ls-files --exclude-standard -i should do what I want. What am I missing?

UPDATE:

git ls-files -i will not work, you get the error:

ls-files: --ignored needs some exclude pattern

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude as VonC suggested below is indeed the answer. The --exclude-standard option also works instead of --exclude-from.

Summary of what works:

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard

解决方案

Notes:

• xiaobai's answer is simpler (git1.7.6+): git status --ignored
  (as detailed in "Is there a way to tell git-status to ignore the effects of .gitignore files?")
• MattDiPasquale's answer (to be upvoted) git clean -ndX works on older gits, displaying a preview of what ignored files could be removed (without removing anything)

---

Also interesting (mentioned in qwertymk's answer), you can also use the git check-ignore -v command, at least on Unix (doesn't work in a CMD Windows session)

git check-ignore *
git check-ignore -v *

The second one displays the actual rule of the .gitignore which makes a file to be ignored in your git repo.
On Unix, using "What expands to all files in current directory recursively?" and a bash4+:

git check-ignore **/*

(or a find -exec command)

---

Original answer 42009)

git ls-files -i

should work, except its source code indicates:

if (show_ignored && !exc_given) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s: --ignored needs some exclude pattern\n",
                        argv[0]);

exc_given ?

It turns out it need one more parameter after the -i to actually list anything:

Try:

git ls-files -i --exclude-from=[Path_To_Your_Global].gitignore

(but that would only list your cached (non-ignored) object, with a filter, so that is not quite what you want)

---

Example:

$ cat .git/ignore
# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
*.[oa]
$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
# ignore generated html files,
*.html
# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
!foo.html
$ git ls-files --ignored \
    --exclude='Documentation/*.[0-9]' \
    --exclude-from=.git/ignore \
    --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore

---

Actually, in my 'gitignore' file (called 'exclude'), I find a command line that could help you:

F:\prog\git\test\.git\info>type exclude
# git ls-files --others --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
# Lines that start with '#' are comments.
# For a project mostly in C, the following would be a good set of
# exclude patterns (uncomment them if you want to use them):
# *.[oa]
# *~

So....

git ls-files --others --ignored --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
git ls-files -o -i --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude

git ls-files --others --ignored --exclude-standard
git ls-files -o -i --exclude-standard

should do the trick.

As mentioned in the ls-files man page, --others is the important part, in order to show you non-cached, non-committed, normally-ignored files.

--exclude_standard is not just a shortcut, but a way to include all standard "ignored patterns" settings.

exclude-standard
Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.

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