Git忽略目录和目录/ *有什么区别？ [英] What's the difference between Git ignoring directory and directory/*?

问题描述

假设我有以下目录结构：

  my_project 
 | --www 
 | --1.txt 
 | --2.txt 
 |  - 。。gitignore 
  

这个之间有什么区别：

  www 
  

  www / * 
  

我问这个问题的原因是：在git中，如果一个目录是空的，那么git不会在repository中包含这样的空目录。所以我试着在目录下添加一个额外的.gitkeep文件，这样它就不会是空的解决方案。当我尝试这种解决方案时，如果在.gitignore文件中，我写下如下：

  www 
！* .gitkeep 
  

它不起作用（我的目的是忽略www下的所有内容，但保留目录）。但如果我尝试以下操作：

  www / * 
！*。gitkeep 
  

然后它就起作用了！所以我认为这两种方法之间必须有一些区别。 > ， www / 和 www / * 。

基本上来自文档和我自己的测试， www 找到与文件或目录的匹配项， www / 只匹配一个目录，而 www / * 匹配 www 中的目录和文件。

我会只讨论 www / 和 www / * 之间的区别，因为 www 和 www / 是显而易见的。 $ b

对于 www / ，git忽略目录 www 本身，这意味着git甚至不会在里面看到。但是对于 www / * ，git会检查 www 内的所有文件/文件夹，并忽略模式 * 。它似乎导致相同的结果，因为如果忽略所有子文件/文件夹，git将不会跟踪空文件夹 www 。事实上，OP的结果与 www / 或 www / * 独立无关。但是，如果与其他规则相结合，它确实会产生差异。例如，如果我们只想包含 www / 1.txt 但忽略<$>中的所有其他内容c $ c> www ？

下面的 .gitignore 不起作用。

  www / 
！www / 1.txt 
  

尽管以下 .gitignore 有效，为什么？

  www / * 
！www / 1.txt 
  

对于前者，git只是忽略了目录 www ，甚至不会在内部包含 www / 1.txt 再次。第一条规则排除了父目录 www 但不是 www / 1.txt ，结果 www / 1.txt 不能为再次包含。

但是对于后者，git首先会忽略 www 下的所有文件/作弊者，然后再包括其中一个它是 www / 1.txt 。

在这个例子中，文档中的以下几行可以帮助：

可选的前缀！否定了这种模式;任何匹配文件
将被重新包括在内。如果该文件的父目录不包含
，那么重新包含文件不是
。

I'm confused about what's the correct way to ignore the contents of a directory in git.

Assume I have the following directory structure:

my_project  
     |--www  
         |--1.txt  
         |--2.txt
     |--.gitignore

What's the difference between putting this:

www

And this?

www/*

The reason I'm asking this question is: In git, if a directory is empty, git won't include such empty directory in repository. So I was trying the solution that is add an extra .gitkeep file under the directory so that it won't be empty. When I was trying that solution, if in the .gitignore file, I write like below:

www
!*.gitkeep

It doesn't work(My intention is to ignore all contents under www but keep the directory). But if I try the following:

www/* 
!*.gitkeep

Then it works! So I think it must has some differences between the two approaches.

解决方案

There're differences among www, www/ and www/*.

Basically from the documentation and my own tests, www find a match with a file or a directory, www/ only matches a directory, while www/* matches directories and files inside www.

I'll only discuss on the differences between www/ and www/* here, since the differences between www and www/ are obvious.

For www/, git ignores the directory www itself, which means git won't even look inside. But for www/*, git checks all files/folders inside www, and ignores all of them with the pattern *. It seems to lead to the same results since git won't track an empty folder www if all its child files/folders are ignored. And indeed the results will be no difference for OP's case with www/ or www/* standalone. But it does make differences if it's combined with other rules.

For example, what if we want to only include www/1.txt but ignore all others inside www?

The following .gitignore won't work.

www/
!www/1.txt

While the following .gitignore works, why?

www/*
!www/1.txt

For the former, git just ignores the directory www, and won't even look inside to include www/1.txt again. The first rule excludes the parent directory www but not www/1.txt, and as a result www/1.txt cannot be "included again".

But for the latter, git first ignores all files/folers under www, and then includes one of them again which is www/1.txt.

For this example, the follwing lines in the documentation may help:

An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded.

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