匹配模式并使用awk或grep从文件打印相应的列 [英] match pattern and print corresponding columns from a file using awk or grep

问题描述

我有一个带有重复标题的输入文件（下面）：

  A1BG A1BG A1CF A1CF A2ML1 
 aa bb cc dd ee 
 1 2 3 4 5 
  

我想打印所有具有相同标题的列在一个文件中。例如上面的文件应该有三个输出文件; 1个用于2列的A1BG;第二次为A1CF 2列;对于A2ML1，第一列有1列。我有没有办法通过awk或grep使用单行程序来完成它？

我尝试了下面的一行：

  awk -vf =A1BG'！o {for（x = 1; x <= NF; x ++）if（$ x == f）{o = 1; next }} o {print $ x}'trial.txt 
  

但是这只在一列中搜索模式（在这种情况下为1）。我想查看所有标题名称并打印所有在其标题中包含A1BG的相应列。

me：

代码为step1.awk：

NR == 1 {PROCINFO [sorted_in] = @ind_num_asc
for（i = 1; i <= NF; i ++）{f2c [$ i] =（f2c [$ i] ==）？ $i：（f2c [$ i]\\t\$i）}}
NR == 2 {for（f2 in f2c）printf（％s：％s \ n，fn，f2c [fn]）
exit
}

然后运行一个使用上面awk脚本的班轮：

awk -f step1.awk file.txt | awk -F：'BEGIN {print{}; {printprint$ 2，> \$ 1.txt\}; END {print}}'| awk -f --file.txt

这会输出制表符分隔的.txt文件，其中包含具有相同标题的所有列在一个文件中。 （为每种类型的头文件分开文件）

感谢Lars Fischer和其他人。

干杯

I have a input file with repetitive headers (below):

A1BG A1BG A1CF A1CF A2ML1
aa bb cc dd ee
1 2 3 4 5

I want to print all columns with same header in one file. e.g for above file there should be three output files; 1 for A1BG with 2 columns; 2nd for A1CF with 2 columns; 3rd for A2ML1 with 1 column. I there any way to do it using one-liners by awk or grep?

I tried following one-liner:

awk -v f="A1BG" '!o{for(x=1;x<=NF;x++)if($x==f){o=1;next}}o{print $x}' trial.txt

but this searches the pattern in only one column (1 in this case). I want to look through all the header names and print all the corresponding columns which have A1BG in their header.

解决方案

Following worked for me:

code for step1.awk:

NR == 1 { PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_num_asc" for( i=1; i<=NF; i++ ) { f2c[$i] = (f2c[$i]=="")? "$" i : (f2c[$i] " \"\t\" $" i) } } NR== 2 { for( fn in f2c) printf("%s:%s\n", fn,f2c[fn]) exit }

Then run one liner which uses above awk script:

awk -f step1.awk file.txt | awk -F : 'BEGIN {print "{"}; {print " print " $2, "> \"" $1".txt" "\"" }; END { print "}" }'| awk -f - file.txt

This outputs tab delimited .txt files having all the columns with same header in one file. (separate files for each type of header)

Thanks Lars Fischer and others.

Cheers

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