为什么我不能让String成为一个类型类的实例? [英] Why can I not make String an instance of a typeclass?

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问题描述



  data Foo = 
FooString String
...



class Fooable a where - (这是一个很好的方法来命名这个吗?)
toFoo :: a - > Foo

我想让字符串一个实例 Fooable

  instance Fooable String其中
toFoo = FooString

GHC然后抱怨:

<$ p $对于`Fooable String'非法的实例声明
(所有的实例类型都必须是这样的形式(T t1 ... tn)
其中T不是同义词
在'Fooable String'的实例声明中使用-XTypeSynonymInstances。)

如果我使用 [Char]

 实例Fooable [Char]其中
toFoo = FooString

GHC抱怨:

 `Fooable [Char]'
的非法实例声明(所有实例类型都必须是(T a1 ... an)
其中a1 ... an是类型变量*,
,每个类型变量最多出现一次立场头。
如果您想禁用它,请使用-XFlexibleInstances。)
在`Fooable [Char]'的实例声明中

问题


  • 为什么我不能让字符串和实例typeclass?

  • 如果我添加一个额外的标志,GHC似乎愿意让我逃避这一切。这是一个好主意吗?
  • / code>只是 [Char] 的类型别名,它只是类型构造函数 [] 类型为 Char ,所以这将是([] Char)的形式。它不是(T a1 .. an)形式,因为 Char 不是一个类型变量。



    这个限制的原因是为了防止重叠的情况。例如,假设您有一个实例Fooable [Char] ,然后有人过来并定义了一个实例Fooable [a] 。现在编译器将无法确定你想使用哪一个,并会给你一个错误。



    通过使用 -XFlexibleInstances ,你基本上承诺编译器不会定义任何这样的实例。



    根据你想要完成的工作,定义一个包装可能会更好:

      newtype Wrapper = Wrapper字符串
    实例Fooable Wrapper其中
    ...


    Given:

    data Foo =
      FooString String
      …
    
    class Fooable a where --(is this a good way to name this?)
      toFoo :: a -> Foo
    

    I want to make String an instance of Fooable:

    instance Fooable String where
      toFoo = FooString
    

    GHC then complains:

    Illegal instance declaration for `Fooable String'
        (All instance types must be of the form (T t1 ... tn)
         where T is not a synonym.
         Use -XTypeSynonymInstances if you want to disable this.)
    In the instance declaration for `Fooable String'
    

    If instead I use [Char]:

    instance Fooable [Char] where
      toFoo = FooString
    

    GHC complains:

    Illegal instance declaration for `Fooable [Char]'
       (All instance types must be of the form (T a1 ... an)
        where a1 ... an are type *variables*,
        and each type variable appears at most once in the instance head.
        Use -XFlexibleInstances if you want to disable this.)
    In the instance declaration for `Fooable [Char]'
    

    Question:

    • Why can I not make String and instance of a typeclass?
    • GHC seems willing to let me get away with this if I add an extra flag. Is this a good idea?

    解决方案

    This is because String is just a type alias for [Char], which is just the application of the type constructor [] on the type Char, so this would be of the form ([] Char). which is not of the form (T a1 .. an) because Char is not a type variable.

    The reason for this restriction is to prevent overlapping instances. For example, let's say you had an instance Fooable [Char], and then someone later came along and defined an instance Fooable [a]. Now the compiler won't be able to figure out which one you wanted to use, and will give you an error.

    By using -XFlexibleInstances, you're basically promising to the compiler that you won't define any such instances.

    Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, it might be better to define a wrapper:

    newtype Wrapper = Wrapper String
    instance Fooable Wrapper where
        ...
    

    这篇关于为什么我不能让String成为一个类型类的实例?的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

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