将rails应用程序部署到heroku时出错 [英] error while deploying rails app to heroku

问题描述

我是新来的rails和heroku
i尝试了以下代码将我的应用程序推送到heroku

  rails new snippets 
 cd snippets 
 git init 
 git add。 
 git commit -m初始提交
 wget -O- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh 
 heroku创建
 git push heroku master 
  

但我收到以下错误

 安装sqlite3（1.3.10）时发生错误，而Bundler不能
 
 remote：continue 。 
 remote：在捆绑之前确保`gem install sqlite3 -v'1.3.10'`成功。 
 remote：！ 
 remote：！无法通过Bundler安装宝石。 
 remote：！ 
 remote：！检测到Heroku不支持的sqlite3 gem。 
 remote：！ https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3 
 remote：！ 
 remote：
 remote：！推送被拒绝，未能编译Ruby应用程序
 remote：
 remote：验证部署.... 
 remote：
 remote：！推拒绝强大的水域8202。 
远程：
至https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git 
！ [remote rejected] master  - > master（pre-receive hook refused）
错误：未能将一些文件推送到'https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git'
  
 
 
 
我将gemfile修改为:: 
 组：devlopment：test do 
 gem'sqlite3'
 end 
 
 group：production do 
 gem'pg'
 end 
  code> 
当我运行bundle install 
i时，出现以下错误：
 
 
 使用本机扩展安装pg 0.18.2 
 
 Gem :: Ext :: BuildError：错误：无法构建gem原生扩展。 
 
 /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150705-24664-1i1n8se.rb extconf.rb 
检查pg_config .. 。yes 
使用/ usr / bin / pg_config中的配置值
您需要安装postgresql-server-dev-XY来构建服务器端扩展，或者使用libpq-dev来构建客户端应用程序。 
您需要安装postgresql-server-dev-X.Y来构建服务器端扩展，或者使用libpq-dev来构建客户端应用程序。 
检查libpq-fe.h ... no 
找不到'libpq-fe.h头文件
 *** extconf.rb失败*** 
可能不是由于某种原因创建Makefile，可能缺少必要的
库和/或头文件。检查mkmf.log文件以获取更多详细信息。您可能
需要配置选项。 
 
提供的配置选项：
 --with-opt-dir 
 --without-opt-dir 
 --with-opt-include 
  - -without-opt-include = $ {opt-dir} / include 
 --with-opt-lib 
 --without-opt-lib = $ {opt-dir} / lib 
 --with-make-prog 
 --without-make-prog 
 --srcdir =。 
 --curdir 
 --ruby = / home / user / .rvm / rubies / ruby​​-2.2.1 / bin / $（RUBY_BASE_NAME）
 --with-pg 
 --without-pg 
 --enable-windows-cross 
 --disable-windows-cross 
 --with-pg-config 
 --without-pg-config 
 --with-pg_config 
 --without-pg_config 
 --with-pg-dir 
 --without-pg-dir 
 --with-pg-include 
 --without-pg-include = $ {pg-dir} / include 
 --with-pg-lib 
 --without-pg-lib = $ {pg-dir} / lib 
 
 extconf失败，退出代码1 
 
 Gem文件将保持安装在/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/pg-0.18 .2供检查。 
记录到/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/pg-0.18.2/gem_make.out 
的结果发生错误安装pg（0.18.2），并且Bundler无法继续。 
在捆绑之前确保`gem install pg -v'0.18.2'`成功。 
  
我试过使用命令
  gem install pg -v'0.18.2'
  
现在我获得以下错误：
 
 
 错误：安装pg时出错：
错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。 
  
这是我的database.yml文件
＃SQLite版本3.x 
＃gem install sqlite3 
＃
＃确保SQLite 3 gem在您的Gemfile中定义
＃gem' sqlite3'
＃
默认值：& default 
适配器：sqlite3 
池：5 
超时值：5000 
 
开发：
<<：* default 
 database：db / development.sqlite3 
 
＃警告：定义为test的数据库将被删除，
＃从当你运行rake时你的开发数据库。 
＃不要将此db设置为与开发或生产相同。 
 test：
 <：lt：：* default 
 database：db / test.sqlite3 
 
产品：
 <：lt：：default * b $ b database：db / production.sqlite3 
  
和我的gemfile 
  source'https://rubygems.org'
 
 
＃捆绑边缘Rails改为：gem'rails'，github ：'rails / rails'
 gem'rails'，'4.2.1'
＃使用sqlite3作为Active Record的数据库
 #gem'sqlite3'
＃使用SCSS for样式表
 gem'sass-rails'，'〜> 5.0'
＃使用Uglifier作为JavaScript资产的压缩器
 gem'uglifier'，'> = 1.3.0'
＃使用CoffeeScript作为.coffee资产和视图
 gem'咖啡栏'，'〜> 4.1.0'
＃请参阅https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme获取更多支持的运行时
＃gem'therubyracer'，平台:: ruby​​ 
 
＃使用jquery作为JavaScript库
 gem'jquery-rails'
＃Turbolinks使Web应用程序中的以下链接更快。阅读更多：https://github.com/rails/turbolinks 
 gem'turbolinks'
＃轻松构建JSON API。阅读更多：https://github.com/rails/jbuilder 
 gem'jbuilder'，'〜> 2.0'
＃bundle exec rake doc：rails在doc / api下生成API。 
 gem'sdoc'，'〜> 0.4.0'，组：：doc 
 
＃使用ActiveModel has_secure_password 
＃gem'bcrypt'，'〜> 3.1.7'
 
＃使用Unicorn作为应用服务器
＃gem'unicorn'
 
＃使用Capistrano进行部署
＃gem'capistrano- rails'，group：：development 
 ####################################### ############################################ 
组：开发，：test do＃<<<<< ：development，not devlopment 
 gem'sqlite3'
 end 
 
 group：production do 
 gem'pg'
 end 
 
 
 ############################################# ##################### 
 
 group：development，：test do 
＃在代码中的任何地方调用'byebug'来停止执行并获得调试器控制台
 gem'byebug'
 
＃访问异常页面上的IRB控制台或使用<％= console％>在视图中
 gem'web-console'，'〜> 2.0'
 
＃Spring通过让应用程序在后台运行来加速开发。阅读更多：https://github.com/rails/spring 
 gem'spring'
 end 
  
任何人都可以帮我解决这个问题吗？        我给你的建议是在开发中使用与生产中相同的数据库，PostgreSQL 。有很多原因，这是一个好主意，你刚刚遇到了一个，部署头痛。
 
 
 
但是让我们假设你坚持使用不同的数据库类型。这行在你的gemfile中看起来很奇怪 - 不开发
 ＃
＃
 ########################################### ######################################## 
 group：development，：test做＃<<<<< ：development，not devlopment 
 gem'sqlite3'
 end 
  
我想你应该尝试 
 
 
 
 
 ＃
＃
 ###### ################################################## ########################### 
 group：development，：test do 
 gem'sqlite3'
结束
  
让我知道它是怎么回事。
 
I am new to rails and heroku 
i tried the following code to push my app to heroku
    rails new snippets
    cd snippets
    git init
    git add .
    git commit -m "initial commit"
wget -O- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
    heroku create
    git push heroku master
but i get the following error
 An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.10), and Bundler cannot

    remote:        continue.
    remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.10'` succeeds before bundling.
    remote:  !
    remote:  !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
    remote:  !     
    remote:  !     Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku.
    remote:  !     https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
    remote:  !
    remote: 
    remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app
    remote: 
    remote: Verifying deploy....
    remote: 
    remote: !   Push rejected to powerful-waters-8202.
    remote: 
    To https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git
     ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
    error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git'
i modified my gemfile as::
group :devlopment, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end
when i run bundle install
i get the following error
Installing pg 0.18.2 with native extensions

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150705-24664-1i1n8se.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --enable-windows-cross
    --disable-windows-cross
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/pg-0.18.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/pg-0.18.2/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.2), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.18.2'` succeeds before bundling.
i tried using the command 
gem install pg -v '0.18.2'
and now i get the following error
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
here's my database.yml file
# SQLite version 3.x
#   gem install sqlite3
#
#   Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
#   gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
  adapter: sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  database: db/development.sqlite3

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  database: db/test.sqlite3

production:
  <<: *default
  database: db/production.sqlite3
and my gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
#gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end


##################################################################

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug'

  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'

  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
end
can anyone help me out with this issue??
解决方案
You have some good advice here already, but I'll add what I don't see mentioned.

My advice to you is to use the same database in development as you do in production, PostgreSQL . There are a number of reasons this is a good idea and you have just come across one, deployment headaches.

But let's say you stick with the different database types. This line in your gemfile looks strange to me-- "not devlopment" 
# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end
I think you should try
# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do 
  gem 'sqlite3'
end
Let me know how it goes.

                        
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