PHP正则表达式匹配HTML标签之外的关键字< a> [英] PHP Regular expression to match keyword outside HTML tag <a>

问题描述

我一直在尝试使用正则表达式来匹配并替换HTML中一部分关键字的出现：

1. i想匹配关键字和< strong>关键字< / strong>


2. 但< a href =someurl.htmltarget =_ blank>关键字< / a> 和< a href = someur2.html>已链接的关键字< / a> 不应匹配
   

m只关心在第一行匹配（和替换）关键字。

我想要的原因是用< a href =dictionary.php？k = keyword>关键字< / s>替换关键字 ，但只有关键字它不在< a> 标记中。

任何帮助都将非常感谢！

解决方案

我设法做我想做的事>不使用Regex ）：

• pa解析我的字符串中的每个字符


• 删除所有的< a> 标记（将它们复制到临时数组并保留占位符字符串）
  
• str_replace 为了替换所有关键字而添加的新字符串
  
• 重新填充占位符是原来的< a> 标记

以下是我使用的代码，以防其他人需要它：

  $ str =<<<< STRA 
摩西假设他的遗ses是玫瑰，
但是< a href =original-moses1.html>摩西< / a>错误地假设; 
对于没有人的脚印来说是玫瑰花，
是摩西认为他的遗嘱。 
 Ganda< / span>< / span>< / span>< a href =original-moses2.htmltarget =_ blank> 
 STRA; 
 
 $ arr1 = str_split（$ str）; 
 
 $ arr_links = array（）; 
 $ phrase_holder =''; 
 $ current_a = 0; 
 $ goto_arr_links = false; 
 $ close_a = false; 
 $ b $ foreach（$ arr1 as $ k => $ v）
 {
 if（$ close_a == true）
 {
 if（$ v =='>'）{
 $ close_a = false; 
} 
继续; 
} 
 
 if（$ goto_arr_links == true）
 {
 $ arr_links [$ current_a]。= $ v; 
} 
 
 if（$ v =='<'& $ amp; $ arr1 [$ k + 1] =='a'）{/ *< a * / 
 //继续收集每一个字符直到< / a> 
 $ arr_links [$ current_a]。= $ v; 
 $ goto_arr_links = true; 
} elseif（$ v =='<'&& $ arr1 [$ k + 1] =='/'&& $ arr1 [$ k + 2] =='a'& amp ;& $ arr1 [$ k + 3] =='>'）{/ *< / a> * / 
 $ arr_links [$ current_a]。=/ a>; 
 
 $ goto_arr_links = false; 
 $ close_a = true; 
 $ phrase_holder。={％$ current_a％}; / *在短语* / 
 $ current_a ++中放置一个参数持有者; 
} 
 elseif（$ goto_arr_links == false）{
 $ phrase_holder。= $ v; 
} 
} 
 
 echoLinks Array：\\\
; 
 print_r（$ arr_links）; 
 echo\\\
\\\
\\\
Phrase Holder：\\\
; 
 echo $ phrase_holder; 
 echo\\\
\\\
\\\
（pre）Final Phrase（with my keyword replaced）：\\\
; 
 $ final_phrase = str_replace（Moses，< a href = \novo-mega-link.php \>摩西< / a>，$ phrase_holder）; 
 echo $ final_phrase; 
 echo\\\
\\\
\\\
Final Phrase：\\\
; 
 foreach（$ arr_links as $ k => $ v）
 {
 $ final_phrase = str_replace（{％$ k％}，$ v，$ final_phrase）; 
} 
 echo $ final_phrase; 
  

输出：

链接数组：

 数组
（
 [0] =>< a href =original-moses1。 Moses< / a> 
 [1] =>< a href =original-moses2.htmltarget =_ blank> Moses< / a> 
）
  

短语持有人：

 摩西假设他的玫瑰是玫瑰，
但{％0％}错误地假设; 
对于没有人的脚印来说是玫瑰花，
是摩西认为他的遗嘱。 
 Ganda< span class =cenas> {％1％}< / span> ;! 
  

（pre）最终短语（用我的关键字替换）：

 < a href =novo-mega-link.php>摩西< / a>假设他的遗are是玫瑰，
但{％0％}错误地假设; 
 for nobody's toeses are bloks，
 as< a href =novo-mega-link.php>摩西< / a>假设他的遗to是。 
 Ganda< span class =cenas> {％1％}< / span> ;! 
  

最终短语：

 < a href =novo-mega-link.php>摩西< / a>假设他的遗愿是玫瑰，
但是< a href =original-moses1.html>摩西< / a>错误地假设; 
 for nobody's toeses are bloks，
 as< a href =novo-mega-link.php>摩西< / a>假设他的遗to是。 
 Ganda< / span>< / span>< / span>< a href =original-moses2.htmltarget =_ blank> 
  

I've been trying to do a regex to match and replace the occurrences of a keyword on a portion of HTML:

1. i want to match keyword and <strong>keyword</strong>
2. but <a href="someurl.html" target="_blank">keyword</a> and <a href="someur2.html">already linked keyword </a> should NOT be matched

I'm only interested in matching (and replacing) the keyword on the 1st line.

The reason I want this is to replace keyword with <a href="dictionary.php?k=keyword">keyword</s>, but ONLY if keyword it's not already inside an <a> tag.

Any help will be much appreciated!

解决方案

I managed to do what I wanted (without using Regex) by:

• parsing each character of my string
• removing all <a> tags (copying them to a temporary array and keeping a placeholder on the string)
• str_replace the new string in order to replace all the keywords
• repopulating the placeholders by it's original <a> tags

Here's the code I used, in case someone else needs it:

$str = <<<STRA
Moses supposes his toeses are roses,
but <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a> supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as Moses supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas"><a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a></span>!
STRA;

$arr1 = str_split($str);

$arr_links = array();
$phrase_holder = '';
$current_a = 0;
$goto_arr_links = false;
$close_a = false;

foreach($arr1 as $k => $v)
{
    if ($close_a == true)
    {
        if ($v == '>') {
            $close_a = false;
        } 
        continue;
    }

    if ($goto_arr_links == true)
    {
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= $v;
    }

    if ($v == '<' && $arr1[$k+1] == 'a') { /* <a */
        // keep collecting every char until </a>
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= $v;
        $goto_arr_links = true;
    } elseif ($v == '<' && $arr1[$k+1] == '/' && $arr1[$k+2] == 'a' && $arr1[$k+3] == '>' ) { /* </a> */
        $arr_links[$current_a] .= "/a>";

        $goto_arr_links = false;
        $close_a = true;
        $phrase_holder .= "{%$current_a%}"; /* put a parameter holder on the phrase */
        $current_a++;
    }    
    elseif ($goto_arr_links == false) {
        $phrase_holder .= $v;
    }
}

echo "Links Array:\n";
print_r($arr_links);
echo "\n\n\nPhrase Holder:\n";
echo $phrase_holder;
echo "\n\n\n(pre) Final Phrase (with my keyword replaced):\n";
$final_phrase = str_replace("Moses", "<a href=\"novo-mega-link.php\">Moses</a>", $phrase_holder);
echo $final_phrase;
echo "\n\n\nFinal Phrase:\n";
foreach($arr_links as $k => $v)
{
    $final_phrase = str_replace("{%$k%}", $v, $final_phrase);
}
echo $final_phrase;

The output:

Links Array:

Array
(
    [0] => <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a>
    [1] => <a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a>
)

Phrase Holder:

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,
but {%0%} supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as Moses supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas">{%1%}</span>!

(pre) Final Phrase (with my keyword replaced):

<a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses are roses,
but {%0%} supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as <a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas">{%1%}</span>!

Final Phrase:

<a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses are roses,
but <a href="original-moses1.html">Moses</a> supposes erroneously;
for nobody's toeses are posies of roses,
as <a href="novo-mega-link.php">Moses</a> supposes his toeses to be.
Ganda <span class="cenas"><a href="original-moses2.html" target="_blank">Moses</a></span>!

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