为什么HTTP POST请求体需要在Python中加入JSON？ [英] Why does HTTP POST request body need to be JSON enconded in Python?

问题描述

在玩外部API时遇到了这个问题。我将我的身体数据作为字典直接发送到请求中并且收到400个错误：

I ran into this issue when playing around with an external API. I was sending my body data as a dictionary straight into the request and was getting 400 errors:

data = {
  "someParamRange": {
    "to": 1000, 
    "from": 100
  }, 
  "anotherParamRange": {
    "to": True, 
    "from": False
  }
}

当我添加一个json.dumps换行，它可以工作：

When I added a json.dumps wrap, it works:

data = json.dumps({
  "someParamRange": {
    "to": 1000, 
    "from": 100
  }, 
  "anotherParamRange": {
    "to": True, 
    "from": False
  }
})

我不完全理解为什么会这样是必要的，因为字典和JSON对象在语法上是相同的。有人可以帮我理解幕后发生的事情吗？

I don't entirely understand why this is necessary, as dictionaries and JSON objects are syntactically identical. Can someone help me understand what is going on behind the scenes here?

为了完整性，这是我的标题：

For completeness, here are my headers:

headers = {'API-KEY': 'blerg', 'Accept-Encoding': 'UTF-8', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Accept': '*/*', 'username': 'user', 'password': 'pwd'}

编辑：

我之前没有提及，但现在我觉得它可能是相关的。我正在使用Python Requests库，另一篇文章似乎建议你永远不必将参数编码到请求对象： https：/ /stackoverflow.com/a/14804320/1012040

I didn't mention this earlier but now I feel that it may be relevant. I am using the Python Requests library, and another post seems to suggest that you should never have to encode parameters to a request object: https://stackoverflow.com/a/14804320/1012040

无论GET / POST是否你再也不需要编码参数，它只需要一个字典作为一个参数并且很好。

"Regardless of whether GET/POST you never have to encode parameters again, it simply takes a dictionary as an argument and is good to go."

似乎不需要序列化？

我的要求对象：

response = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)

推荐答案

显然，您的API需要JSON编码而非表格编码数据。当您将 dict 作为 data 参数传递时，数据将采用表单编码。当你传递一个字符串（比如 json.dumps 的结果）时，数据不是表格编码的。

Apparently your API requires JSON-encoded and not form-encoded data. When you pass a dict in as the data parameter, the data is form-encoded. When you pass a string (like the result of json.dumps), the data is not form-encoded.

从请求文档中考虑此引用：

Consider this quote from the requests documentation:

通常，您希望发送一些表单编码数据 - 很像HTML表单。为此，只需将字典传递给data参数即可。在发出请求时，您的数据字典将自动进行表单编码。

Typically, you want to send some form-encoded data — much like an HTML form. To do this, simply pass a dictionary to the data argument. Your dictionary of data will automatically be form-encoded when the request is made.

有很多次您希望发送非表单编码的数据。如果你传入一个字符串而不是一个字典，那么这些数据将直接发布。

There are many times that you want to send data that is not form-encoded. If you pass in a string instead of a dict, that data will be posted directly.

例如，GitHub API v3接受JSON编码的POST / PATCH数据：

For example, the GitHub API v3 accepts JSON-Encoded POST/PATCH data:

>>> import json
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}

>>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

参考：

• http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.3.4


• http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#more-复杂的后请求

• http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.3.4
• http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#more-complicated-post-requests

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