如何比较Java中的字符串? [英] How do I compare strings in Java?

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问题描述

到目前为止,我一直在我的程序中使用 == 运算符来比较我的所有字符串。
然而,我遇到了一个错误,将其中一个更改为 .equals()而是修复了错误。

I've been using the == operator in my program to compare all my strings so far. However, I ran into a bug, changed one of them into .equals() instead, and it fixed the bug.

== 不好?什么时候应该不应该使用?有什么区别?

Is == bad? When should it and should it not be used? What's the difference?

推荐答案

== 测试参考相等(是否它们是同一个对象)。

== tests for reference equality (whether they are the same object).

.equals()测试值相等(它们在逻辑上是否相等 )。

.equals() tests for value equality (whether they are logically "equal").

Objects.equals()在调用 null > .equals()所以你不必(从JDK7开始,也可以在番石榴)。

Objects.equals() checks for null before calling .equals() so you don't have to (available as of JDK7, also available in Guava).

String.contentEquals()比较 String 包含任何 CharSequence 的内容(自Java 1.5起可用)。

String.contentEquals() compares the content of the String with the content of any CharSequence (available since Java 1.5).

因此,如果你想测试两个字符串是否具有您可能想要使用的相同值 Objects.equals()

Consequently, if you want to test whether two strings have the same value you will probably want to use Objects.equals().

// These two have the same value
new String("test").equals("test") // --> true 

// ... but they are not the same object
new String("test") == "test" // --> false 

// ... neither are these
new String("test") == new String("test") // --> false 

// ... but these are because literals are interned by 
// the compiler and thus refer to the same object
"test" == "test" // --> true 

// ... string literals are concatenated by the compiler
// and the results are interned.
"test" == "te" + "st" // --> true

// ... but you should really just call Objects.equals()
Objects.equals("test", new String("test")) // --> true
Objects.equals(null, "test") // --> false
Objects.equals(null, null) // --> true

您几乎始终想要使用对象.equals()。在您知道罕见情况下,您正在处理实习字符串,可以使用 ==

You almost always want to use Objects.equals(). In the rare situation where you know you're dealing with interned strings, you can use ==.

来自 JLS 3.10.5。 字符串文字


此外,字符串文字总是指相同类的实例 String 。这是因为字符串文字 - 或者更常见的是作为常量表达式值的字符串(§15.28) - 使用方法 String.intern 进行实习,以便共享唯一的实例。

Moreover, a string literal always refers to the same instance of class String. This is because string literals - or, more generally, strings that are the values of constant expressions (§15.28) - are "interned" so as to share unique instances, using the method String.intern.

类似的例子也可以在 JLS 3.10.5-1

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