使用双锁时使单例实例易变的重点是什么？ [英] What is the point of making the singleton instance volatile while using double lock?

问题描述

private volatile static Singleton uniqueInstance

在单身时使用双锁方法进行同步为什么单个实例声明为volatile？我可以在不将其声明为volatile的情况下实现相同的功能吗？

In a singleton when using double lock method for synchronization why is the single instance declared as volatile ? Can I achieve the same functionality without declaring it as volatile ?

推荐答案

没有 volatile 代码在多个线程中无法正常工作。

Without volatile the code doesn't work correctly with multiple threads.

来自维基百科的双重检查锁定：

从J2SE 5.0开始，此问题已修复。 volatile关键字现在可确保多个线程正确处理单例实例。这个新的成语在双重检查锁定已损坏声明中有所描述：

// Works with acquire/release semantics for volatile
// Broken under Java 1.4 and earlier semantics for volatile
class Foo {
    private volatile Helper helper = null;
    public Helper getHelper() {
        Helper result = helper;
        if (result == null) {
            synchronized(this) {
                result = helper;
                if (result == null) {
                    helper = result = new Helper();
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    // other functions and members...
}

一般情况下，如果可能的话，你应该避免重复检查锁定，因为很难做到正确，如果你弄错了，很难找到错误。请尝试这种更简单的方法：

In general you should avoid double-check locking if possible, as it is difficult to get right and if you get it wrong it can be difficult to find the error. Try this simpler approach instead:

如果辅助对象是静态的（每个类加载器一个），则另一种选择是初始化按需持有人习惯用语

// Correct lazy initialization in Java 
@ThreadSafe
class Foo {
    private static class HelperHolder {
       public static Helper helper = new Helper();
    }

    public static Helper getHelper() {
        return HelperHolder.helper;
    }
}

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