如何在Java Spring中模拟RestTemplate？ [英] How to mock RestTemplate in Java Spring?

问题描述

public class ServiceTest {
    @Mock
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    @InjectMocks
    Service service = new Service();
    ResponseEntity responseEntity = mock(ResponseEntity.class);

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        Mockito.when(restTemplate.getForEntity(
                Mockito.anyString(),
                Matchers.any(Class.class)
                ))
                .thenReturn(responseEntity);
        boolean res = service.isEnabled("something");
        Assert.assertEquals(res, false);
    }

我试图测试包括restclient在内的服务的简单测试。它看起来我没有成功模拟 RestTemplate 。它看起来像代码获得真实数据而不是模拟数据。任何人都可以帮助我。

I tried to test a simple test for a service including a restclient. It looks I have not Mock the RestTemplate successfully. It looks like the code get the real data not the mock one. Anyone can help me with this.

服务本身看起来像这样：

The service itself will looks as this:

public class Service{
    public boolean isEnabled(String xxx) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("someurl",String.class);
        if(...)return true;
        return false;
    }
}

推荐答案

问题是你的 isEnabled 你正在创建一个新的RestTemplate。这有两个原因是错误的，一个是你不能模拟它，因为你正在创建一个新的，第二个是避免为每个请求创建新对象。 RestTemplate是线程安全的，因此可以是服务类成员，用于多个线程。

The problem is that in your isEnabled you are creating a new RestTemplate. This is wrong for two reasons, one is that you cannot mock it since you are creating a new one, and second it is good to avoid creating new objects per request. RestTemplate is thread safe and hence can be a service class member, being used across many threads.

将您的服务类更改为以下内容：

Change your service class to something like this:

public class Service{

    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

    public boolean isEnabled(String xxx) {
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("someurl",String.class);
        if(...)return true;
        return false;
    }
}

现在您的RestTemplate已成为班级成员，您可以现在通过两种方式之一正确嘲笑。一，使用 @InjectMock 注入它，或者使用你从测试中调用的setter方法。

Now that your RestTemplate has become a class member you can now properly mock through one of two ways. One, inject it using the @InjectMock, or use a setter method that you call from your test.

自你在代码中使用InjectMock我们可以使用它。

Since you are using InjectMock in your code we can go with that.

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) 
public class ServiceTest {
    @Mock
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @InjectMocks
    @Spy
    Service service;
    ResponseEntity responseEntity = mock(ResponseEntity.class);

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        Mockito.when(restTemplate.getForEntity(
                Mockito.anyString(),
                ArgumentMatchers.any(Class.class)
                ))
                .thenReturn(responseEntity);
        boolean res = service.isEnabled("something");
        Assert.assertEquals(res, false);
    }

请注意，我做了一些更改。首先，我删除了新的RestTemplate（）和新的Service（）。你应该让mockito为你创造这些。通过使用 @Mock 和 @Spy 注释它们，您将确保Mockito将为您创建它们，更重要的是，将模拟注入服务对象。

Notice that I made a few changes. First, I removed the new RestTemplate() and new Service(). You should let mockito create those for you. By annotating them with @Mock and @Spy you will ensure that Mockito will create them for you, and more importantly, will inject the mocks into your service object.

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