String vs char [] [英] String vs char[]

问题描述

我有一些来自IBM的幻灯片名为：。

计算地图条目的内存 - 获取对象大小的简单方法。

I have some slides from IBM named : "From Java Code to Java Heap: Understanding the Memory Usage of Your Application", that says, when we use String instead of char[], there is

Maximum overhead would be 24:1 for a single character!

but I am not able to understand what overhead is referred here. Can anybody please help?

Source :

解决方案

This figure relates to JDK 6- 32-bit.

JDK 6

In pre-Java-7 world strings which were implemented as a pointer to a region of a char[] array:

// "8 (4)" reads "8 bytes for x64, 4 bytes for x32"

class String{      //8 (4) house keeping + 8 (4) class pointer
    char[] buf;    //12 (8) bytes + 2 bytes per char -> 24 (16) aligned
    int offset;    //4 bytes                     -> three int
    int length;    //4 bytes                     -> fields align to
    int hash;      //4 bytes                     -> 16 (12) bytes
}

So I counted:

36 bytes per new String("a") for JDK 6 x32  <-- the overhead from the article
56 bytes per new String("a") for JDK 6 x64.

JDK 7

Just to compare, in JDK 7+ String is a class which holds a char[] buffer and a hash field only.

class String{      //8 (4) + 8 (4) bytes             -> 16 (8)  aligned
    char[] buf;    //12 (8) bytes + 2 bytes per char -> 24 (16) aligned
    int hash;      //4 bytes                         -> 8  (4)  aligned
}

So it's:

28 bytes per String for JDK 7 x32 
48 bytes per String for JDK 7 x64.

UPDATE

For 3.75:1 ratio see @Andrey's explanation below. This proportion falls down to 1 as the length of the string grows.

Useful links:

• Memory usage of Java Strings and string-related objects.
• Calculate memory of a Map Entry - a simple technique to get a size of an object.

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