如何替换java String中的字符？ [英] How to replace characters in a java String?

问题描述

我喜欢以有效的方式用相应的替换字符替换字符串的某组字符。

I like to replace a certain set of characters of a string with a corresponding replacement character in an efficent way.

例如：

String sourceCharacters = "šđćčŠĐĆČžŽ";
String targetCharacters = "sdccSDCCzZ";

String result = replaceChars("Gračišće", sourceCharacters , targetCharacters );

Assert.equals(result,"Gracisce") == true;

是否有比使用 replaceAll String类的方法？

Is there are more efficient way than to use the replaceAll method of the String class?

我的第一个想法是：

final String s = "Gračišće";
String sourceCharacters = "šđćčŠĐĆČžŽ";
String targetCharacters = "sdccSDCCzZ";

// preparation
final char[] sourceString = s.toCharArray();
final char result[] = new char[sourceString.length];
final char[] targetCharactersArray = targetCharacters.toCharArray();

// main work
for(int i=0,l=sourceString.length;i<l;++i)
{
  final int pos = sourceCharacters.indexOf(sourceString[i]);
  result[i] = pos!=-1 ? targetCharactersArray[pos] : sourceString[i];
}

// result
String resultString = new String(result);

任何想法？

Btw，the UTF-8字符引起麻烦，US_ASCII可以正常工作。

Btw, the UTF-8 characters are causing the trouble, with US_ASCII it works fine.

推荐答案

你可以使用 java.text.Normalizer 和一个正则表达式，以摆脱存在的变音符号 远远超过你收集的

You can make use of java.text.Normalizer and a shot of regex to get rid of the diacritics of which there exist much more than you have collected as far.

这是一个 SSCCE ，copy'n'paste'n'run它在Java 6上：

Here's an SSCCE, copy'n'paste'n'run it on Java 6:

package com.stackoverflow.q2653739;

import java.text.Normalizer;
import java.text.Normalizer.Form;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String... args) {
        System.out.println(removeDiacriticalMarks("Gračišće"));
    }

    public static String removeDiacriticalMarks(String string) {
        return Normalizer.normalize(string, Form.NFD)
            .replaceAll("\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}+", "");
    }
}

这应该产生

Gracisce

至少，它在Eclipse中将控制台字符编码设置为UTF-8（窗口>首选项>常规>工作区>文本文件编码）。确保在您的环境中也设置相同。

At least, it does here at Eclipse with console character encoding set to UTF-8 (Window > Preferences > General > Workspace > Text File Encoding). Ensure that the same is set in your environment as well.

作为替代方案，维护地图<字符，字符> ：

Map<Character, Character> charReplacementMap = new HashMap<Character, Character>();
charReplacementMap.put('š', 's');
charReplacementMap.put('đ', 'd');
// Put more here.

String originalString = "Gračišće";
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

for (char currentChar : originalString.toCharArray()) {
    Character replacementChar = charReplacementMap.get(currentChar);
    builder.append(replacementChar != null ? replacementChar : currentChar);
}

String newString = builder.toString();

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