在上一章中，我们了解了Apache Bench用于测试第三方网站的基本用法.在本节中，我们将使用此工具在我们自己的服务器上测试Web应用程序.为了尽可能保持教程自包含，我们选择安装python应用程序用于演示目的;您可以根据自己的专业水平选择任何其他语言，如PHP或Ruby.
通常，Python默认安装在Linux服务器上.
Bottle是一个用python编写的用于创建Web应用程序的微框架，而pip是一个python包经理.在终端中键入以下命令以安装Bottle :
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip $ sudo pip install bottle
现在让我们创建一个小瓶子应用程序.为此，创建一个目录并在其中移动 : 去;
$ mkdir webapp $ cd webapp
我们将在webapp目录中创建一个新的python脚本 app.py :
$ vim app.py
现在，在app.py文件中写下以下代码 :
from bottle import Bottle, run
app = Bottle()
@app.route('/')
@app.route('/hello')
def hello():
return "Hello World!"
run(app, host = 'localhost', port = 8080)添加上述行后，保存并保存关闭文件.保存文件后，我们可以运行python脚本来启动应用程序 :
$ python app.py
输出
Bottle v0.12.7 server starting up (using WSGIRefServer())... Listening on http://localhost:8080/ Hit Ctrl-C to quit.
此输出显示我们的应用程序在主机 http://localhost 的本地计算机上运行并侦听端口 8080 .
让我们检查一下我们的应用是否正确响应了HTTP请求.由于此终端在不退出服务瓶申请的情况下无法接受任何输入，我们需要使用其他终端登录我们的VPS.使用其他终端登录VPS后，您可以通过在新终端中键入以下代码导航到您的应用程序.
$ lynx http://localhost:8080/
Lynx是一个命令行浏览器，默认安装在Debian和Ubuntu等各种Linux发行版中.如果您看到以下输出，则表示您的应用正常运行.
输出
如果你看到上面的输出，那就意味着我们的应用程序已经上线并准备好进行测试了.
请注意，ab中存在错误，无法在localhost上测试应用程序.因此，我们将把主机从localhost更改为app.py文件中的127.0.0.1.因此文件将更改为以下 :
from bottle import Bottle, run
app = Bottle()
@app.route('/')
@app.route('/hello')
def hello():
return "Hello World!"
run(app, host = '127.0.0.1', port = 8080)现在让我们通过输入来测试我们的应用运行lynx命令的同一终端上的以下命令 :
$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://127.0. 0.1:8080/hello
输出
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....done Server Software: WSGIServer/0.1 Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1 Server Port: 8080 Document Path: /hello Document Length: 12 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 0.203 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 16500 bytes HTML transferred: 1200 bytes Requests per second: 493.78 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 20.252 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 2.025 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 79.56 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 0 Processing: 1 6 28.2 2 202 Waiting: 1 6 28.2 2 202 Total: 1 6 28.2 2 202 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 2 66% 2 75% 2 80% 2 90% 2 95% 2 98% 202 99% 202 100% 202 (longest request)
第一个终端的输出为(100)时间)如下 :
... 127.0.0.1 - - [10/Jun/2017 04:30:26 ]"GET/hello HTTP/1.0"200 12 127.0.0.1 - - [10/Jun/2017 04:30:26]"GET/hello HTTP/1.0"200 12 127.0.0.1 - - [10/Jun/2017 04:30:26]"GET/hello HTTP/1.0"200 12 ...
你可以观察与初始测试相比，ab结果的各种值如何变化.
在previ对ab的测试，我们使用了Bottle框架中捆绑的默认Web服务器.
现在我们将使用多线程更改单线程默认Web服务器.因此，让我们安装一个多线程Web服务器库，如 cherrypy 或 gunicorn ，并告诉Bottle使用它.我们选择了gunicorn用于演示目的(你也可以选择其他一个) :
$ sudo apt-get install gunicorn
并修改文件，即从默认Web服务器更改为gunicorn :
... run(server ='gunicorn'...) ...
让我们测试一下第二个终端中的应用程序.
$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello
输出
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....done Server Software: gunicorn/19.0.0 Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1 Server Port: 8080 Document Path: /hello Document Length: 12 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 0.031 seconds Complete requests: 100 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 17200 bytes HTML transferred: 1200 bytes Requests per second: 3252.77 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 3.074 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.307 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 546.36 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 1 0.9 0 4 Processing: 1 2 0.7 3 4 Waiting: 0 2 0.8 2 3 Total: 2 3 0.6 3 5 WARNING: The median and mean for the initial connection time are not within a normal deviation These results are probably not that reliable. WARNING: The median and mean for the processing time are not within a normal deviation These results are probably not that reliable. Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 3 66% 3 75% 3 80% 3 90% 4 95% 5 98% 5 99% 5 100% 5 (longest request)
观察每秒请求数从493增加到3252.这意味着gunicorn适合作为python应用程序的生产服务器.
